Approval = 27% | Disapproval = 56% | Indifferent = 17% Overview Approval Sector

Abuja, Nigeria. October 1st, 2024 – A new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls in commemoration of Nigeria’s 64th Independence Day has revealed that 51 percent of adult Nigerians nationwide stated nigerans are not united. However, further findings indicated that 79 percent of Nigerians take pride in being citizens of Nigeria mainly because it is their fatherland (84 percent) and they have nowhere else to call home. On the flipside, 21 percent lamented they were not proud being Nigerian mainly due to the economic hardship (33 percent) currently facing the country. Other reasons mentioned include there is nothing to be proud of (26 percent), high cost of living (19 percent), bad governance (12 percent) as well as bad leadership (6 percent). Subsequently, the survey sought to know respondents’ opinion on what they consider to be the greatest achievement of Nigeria since it attained the status of Independence in 1960. Findings showed that 38 percent of adult Nigerians lamented that Nigeria as a nation has not achieved anything in the past 64 years. However, a few respondents were still able to pinpoint some achievements the country has made since her Independence. The top four achievements include agriculture (8 percent) and democracy (8 percent), education (7 percent), and telecommunications (6 percent) amongst others. When asked about the single most important issue Nigeria as a nation should address in the next year, 39 percent of Nigerians mentioned the economy, closely followed by insecurity (18 percent). Other issues mentioned are fuel price (11 percent), bad governance (7 percent), corruption (7 percent), job creation (5 percent), education (4 percent), standard of living, infrastructural development, and electricity (2 percent each). Similarly, when respondents were asked, which sector they think has performed well, unfortunately, 28 percent stated none. However, agriculture (19 percent), telecommunication (16 percent), power sector (7 percent), and education (5 percent) sector were given a thumbs up on performing well. These are some of the key findings from the Independence Day poll conducted in the week commencing 23rd September 2024. Survey Background Independence Day, known colloquially as October First, is an official national holiday in Nigeria, celebrated on 1 October and it marks Nigeria's proclamation of independence from British rule on 1 October 1960[1]. The holiday is celebrated annually by the government of Nigeria. The festivities begin with the President's address to the nation, which is broadcasted on radio and television, celebrations across sectors including the Nigerian Armed Forces, the Nigeria Police Force, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the workforce[2]. The streets are filled with celebrations by individuals and groups wearing green-white-green. In recent years public disillusionment has led to muted celebrations, due to the state of the economy and lingering ethnic tensions and insecurity[3]. As observed by Sheriffdeen Adewale Tella, a Nigerian academic economist and Professor of Economics at the Olabisi Onabanjo University, reported in the punch newspaper publication of September 30th, 2024, with the caption ‘’Shall we celebrate?’, Nigeria will be celebrating her flag independence tomorrow in low key as usual[4]. Adewale noted that the last five years have been tougher than the five before it[5]. It is difficult to remember when the independence ceremony was held with fanfare[6]. The previous two decades have been years of mixed feelings[7]. Similarly, the Coalition of United Opposition Political Parties, CUPP, in a Press release issued by its National Spokesperson, Comrade Mark Adebayo, on the celebration of the country’s 64th Independence anniversary says “It is difficult to congratulate Nigerians on this occasion of the 64th Independence Anniversary because there is really nothing to celebrate. Independence is not an end in itself but was supposed to be a means to an end that translates into development, security, peace, and unity. But on all these indices, Nigeria is a crawling giant due, fundamentally, to the unfortunate succession of crude, heavily corrupt, unpatriotic, incompetent, and myopic leadership that has bedevilled this country since flag independence[8]. He lamented that each administration is worse than the last one[9]. In 1960 at Independence, Nigeria held a huge promise as the giant of Africa and the light of all blacks globally with enormous potentials to be among the most developed in the comity of nations. But alas, the foster elites that took over from the colonialists, plus the military and civilian politicians that followed them made looting of the country’s resources a fundamental policy of government[10]. Nigeria’s current Senate President, Godswill Akpabio, speaking on Sunday, the 29th of September 2024, at an inter-denominational church service held at the National Christian Centre, Abuja, to mark the country’s 64th Independence Anniversary reported by ThisDay Newspaper publication of September 30th, said despite the increasingly bumpy times, Nigeria will triumph definitely[11]. Akpabio urged citizenry to be patient and hopeful, saying Nigeria’s brightest days are ahead[12]. Against this backdrop on the Independence Day Anniversary, NOIPolls conducted a survey to gauge the opinions of Nigerians regarding Nigeria’s progress since independence. Survey Findings The first question sought the opinion of adult Nigerians about being proud Nigerians as the country commemorates its 64th independence come October 1st, 2024. The survey result showed that majority of respondents (79 percent) revealed they are proud being Nigerians. This assertion cuts across gender, age groups and geo-graphical locations with at least 62 percent representation. On the flipside, only 21 percent said they were not proud of being a citizen. Subsequently, respondents (79 percent) who stated they are proud being Nigerian were further probed on why they are proud being Nigerians and 84 percent said it is because Nigeria is their country amongst other reasons. Similarly, respondents (21 percent) who expressed not being proud to be Nigerian were also probed for why and 33 percent mentioned economic hardship (33 percent) as a top reason. This is followed by 26 percent who said there is nothing to be proud of, 19 percent who pointed out high cost of living and 12 percent who cited bad governance amongst other reasons. In addition, the survey also sought to know what respondents love most about being Nigerian. Unfortunately, findings showed that 24 percent of respondents said there is nothing to love about being a citizen of Nigeria. On the other hand, 21 percent mentioned cultural diversity as what they love the most about being Nigerian amongst other reasons. Furthermore, in gauging the opinion of Nigerians on the single most important issue the country needs to address in the next one year. The findings showed 39 percent of the respondents mentioned the economy, insecurity (18 percent), fuel price (11 percent), bad governance (7 percent), corruption (7 percent), job creation (5 percent), and education (4 percent) amongst others important issues mentioned. Interestingly, survey result showed that 38 percent of respondents polled affirmed that Nigeria has not achieved anything since her Independence 64 years ago. On the contrary, some respondents believe the country has recorded some great achievements around agriculture (8 percent), democracy (8 percent), education (7 percent) and telecommunication (6 percent) amongst other achievements mentioned. More findings also revealed that 17 percent of Nigerians interviewed do not know/refused to disclose their stance. Consequently, when asked which sector in Nigeria they think has performed very well, the result showed that 28 percent of Nigerians said none. However, agriculture (19 percent), telecommunication sector (16 percent), power sector (7 percent) were the top mentioned sectors respondents believe to have performed well. Finally, the survey sought to know how united Nigerians are using a scale of one to five, and findings showed that slightly more than half of the respondents surveyed (51 percent) believe that Nigerians are not united as opposed to 27 percent who believe citizens are united. Conclusion In conclusion, the survey result showed that 24 percent of adult Nigerians have revealed that there is nothing to love about being Nigerian. Although most Nigerians (79 percent) are proud being Nigerians mainly because Nigeria is their country/fatherland. More so, findings revealed 38 percent of respondents do not consider that the country has achieved anything in the past 64 years since her Independence. Nigerians want the government to tackle important issues such as economy (39 percent), security (18 percent), fuel price (11 percent), bad governance (7 percent) and corruption (7 percent) within the next one year. Survey Methods The opinion poll was conducted in the week commencing 23rd of September 2024. It involved telephone interviews of a proportionate nationwide sample of 1,000 randomly selected phone-owning Nigerians aged 18 years and above, representing the six geo-political regions 36 states, and the FCT of the country. Interviews were conducted in five languages – Igbo, Hausa, Yoruba, Pidgin English, and English. Although we can say with 95% confidence that the results obtained were statistically precise – within a margin of error of plus or minus 4.65%; we recognize that the exclusive use of telephone polling has its limitation of excluding non-phone-owning Nigerians. Nonetheless, with the country’s tele density put over 100 percent by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), we consider our telephone polling approach appropriate. Also, given the rigorous scientific process of randomization and stratification applied, we can confidently stand by the validity of our methodology and approach. NOIPolls Limited, No. 1 for country-specific polling services in West Africa. We conduct periodic opinion polls and studies on various socio-economic and political issues in Nigeria. More information is available at www.noi-polls.com. Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as authors whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited, or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect the views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or facts, or any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken because of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions, or views herein constitute a judgment as of the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls' current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact Email: editor@noi-polls.com cakubue@noi-polls.com nohuche@noi-polls.com Number: +234 (0) 9 - 290 4162 +234 (0) 9 – 291 4877 [1]https://www.google.com/search?q=nigeria%27s+independence+history&oq=nigeria%27s+independence+history&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIICAEQABgWGB4yCAgCEAAYFhgeMggIAxAAGBYYHjIICAQQABgWGB4yCAgFEAAYFhgeMggIBhAAGBYYHjIICAcQABgWGB4yCAgIEAAYFhgeMg0ICRAAGIYDGIAEGIoF0gEKMTgxNTRqMGoxNagCCLACAQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Nigeria) [3]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Nigeria) [4]https://punchng.com/nigerian-64-when-shall-we-celebrate/ [5]https://punchng.com/nigerian-64-when-shall-we-celebrate/ [6]https://punchng.com/nigerian-64-when-shall-we-celebrate/ [7]https://punchng.com/nigerian-64-when-shall-we-celebrate/ [8]https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/09/30/nigeria-still-a-crawling-giant-at-64-cupp/ https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/09/30/nigeria-still-a-crawling-giant-at-64-cupp/[9] [10]https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/09/30/nigeria-still-a-crawling-giant-at-64-cupp/ https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/30/64th-anniversary-despite-bumpy-days-nation-will-prevail-says-akpabio/[11] [12]https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/30/64th-anniversary-despite-bumpy-days-nation-will-prevail-says-akpabio/

Executive Summary Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional, and global climates. [1] It is the latest challenge to sustainable human development [2] and a major risk to good development outcomes. Given this, NOIPolls polled on climate change to gauge Nigerians' awareness and attitude to the climate change phenomenon. The poll result revealed that a significant proportion of Nigerians know what climate change means as stated by 68 percent of the respondents who described the phenomenon as a change in weather patterns or conditions. This shows that there is an increased awareness on the topic as Statista, a global data and business intelligence platform had reported in January 2023, that as of 2020, more than six Nigerians out of 10 never heard about climate change[3]. More so, nearly all the respondents (98 percent) believe that Climate Change is real with 94 percent affirming that Nigeria is currently experiencing it. This assertion cuts across gender, geographical locations, and age groups. When asked about the factors responsible for climate change, a larger proportion of Nigerians (22 percent) mentioned deforestation. According to the United Nations, Nigeria has the highest rate of deforestation in the world, losing 3.7 percent of its forest every year[4]. Other causes identified are industrial activities (13 percent), bush burning (10 percent), and natural occurrence (10 percent) amongst other causes. Subsequently, the study sought to know how annual temperature and precipitation patterns have been in the past five years in various regions. Almost two-thirds of respondents (63 percent) reported that the annual temperature in their area has gotten warmer with the North-East (84 percent) and North-West regions (81 percent) having the highest proportion of respondents who made this claim. Contrary, slightly above 1 in 4 respondents (27 percent) reported that the temperature in their area has gotten colder while 1 in 10 respondents (10 percent) revealed that it has remained the same. Similarly, results regarding annual precipitation (rainfall) patterns within the period in the review showed a decrease in a very steady pattern as reported by 38 percent of Nigerians surveyed. While 23 percent recounted an increase in a very steady pattern, 20 percent claimed annual rainfall has varied from year to year more than it has in the past. Also, 19 percent narrated that it varied from year to year as it always has in their local areas. Unfortunately, 32 percent reported that they have experienced a form of flooding which affected their properties in the last 5 years with the North-East (44 percent) and North-West regions (35 percent) having the highest number of respondents who made this claim. When asked if adverse changes in the environment would affect their livelihoods, the survey result showed that slightly more than 52 percent of the respondents answered in the affirmative. Of this proportion, 25 percent revealed that flooding destroys farms/lives and properties while 21 percent said it causes negative farm produce and productivity amongst other effects stated. Furthermore, the study revealed that 61 percent are involved in farming and of this proportion, 85 percent mentioned that they grow crops. Regrettably, more than 8 in 10 respondents (84 percent) who grow crops affirmed that climate change has had an impact on their crop yield. While 89 percent stated it has impacted agriculture, 70 percent stated that it has harmed their communities. Unfortunately, 49 percent disclosed that they or someone they know have had to relocate from their residence or farm because of climate change-related issues. The North-East region accounted for the highest proportion of respondents who have been displaced in this regard. This result corroborates the report of Abiola Durodola, an Urban Planner, Flood Risk Analyst and Team Lead of Advo KC Foundation that in 2021, Jigawa, Bauchi and Adamawa states in the North-West and North-East regions of Nigeria were inundated by flood which evicted over 380 households and left more than 20 people dead[5]. He added that the situation has further deteriorated with the wave of displacement and humanitarian crisis in the crisis-ridden North-East Nigeria as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) says there is an urgent need for humanitarian assistance as over 15,000 internally displaced persons now scramble for shelter after their camps were destroyed by flooding [6]. Additionally, the survey gauged the perception of Nigerians on global warming and the result shows that 51 percent of the respondents have no idea what global warming is. However, 31 percent of the respondents described the occurrence as a change in weather conditions amongst other perceptions. More than half of respondents (56 percent) linked the cause of global warming to industrial pollution and deforestation. This is followed by natural causes (26 percent) and burning of fossils (18 percent). Nonetheless, 75 percent revealed that they are concerned about global warming. Sadly, 46 percent of Nigerians disclosed that they do not have confidence in the government’s ability to address the challenges of climate change in their area. Finally, supporting a call to action to combat climate change and global warming, respondents were asked: what can be done to curb the effects of climate change and global warming. The survey findings showed that planting trees (19 percent), enactment of legislation to regulate pollution (13 percent), and stopping unregulated burning of bushes and fuels (9 percent) were the top-mentioned measures. The theme for Climate Change 2024 is "Our Land, Our Future”. We are #GenerationRestoration," emphasizes the importance of restoring land, combating desertification, and enhancing resilience to drought[7]. Currently, up to 40% of the world's land is degraded, impacting around 3.2 billion people globally due to desertification[8]. Background and Objectives Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns or changes in atmospheric temperature of the earth[9]. It is also a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns over a long time – including precipitation, temperature, and wind patterns[10]. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. A region’s weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate[11]. Climate change is a topic that has sparked discussions around the world with humans facing extinction if actions are not taken.[12] Thus, it is a threat to human well-being and the health of the planet[13]. According to the World Health Organization, between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year, from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress[14]. The potential for climate change to bring about damaging and irrecoverable effects on infrastructure, food production, and water supplies, in addition to precipitating natural resource conflicts makes it a critical challenge that must be responded to by any economy seeking sustainable growth in the years leading up to 2020.” - Nigeria Vision 20:2020[15]. At an accelerated rate, climate change is impacting communities in every country, across every continent. From rising sea levels and extreme weather events to energy, food and water insecurity – the consequences are clear, and they are tragic [16]. As Africa’s largest economy, Nigeria’s wide range of livelihoods, agricultural practices, and commodities are threatened by climate change[17]. Rising sea levels increase vulnerability to flooding and waterborne disease. Additionally, drought and rising temperatures hinder agricultural production and fishing, reducing food security and negatively impacting health and nutrition[18] . The 2022 Afrobarometer Climate Change Country Scorecard for Nigeria show that 66 percent of Nigerians who are aware of climate change opine that climate change is making life worse with 23 percent insisting that floods have been more severe over the past decade. Another 25 percent also say droughts have been more severe over the past decade.[19] This shows the urgent need to respond to the challenges of climate change comprehensively and systematically given the vulnerability factors. Though a global challenge, climate change requires local solutions hence the Government of Nigeria acknowledges the importance of developing a national response to climate change and is taking steps to build a governance structure to manage the issue.[20] To ensure an aggressive and widely supported strategy and action plan, a national response to the significant and multi-faceted impacts of climate change was put in place. Actions towards climate change will shape how people adapt to it and how nature responds, hence adaptation is critical to securing a livable future. Consequently, the National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action on Climate Change for Nigeria (NASPA-CCN) was developed. The NASPA-CCN seeks to minimize risks, improve local and national adaptive capacity and resilience, leverage new opportunities, and facilitate collaboration with the global community, all to reduce Nigeria’s vulnerability to the negative impacts of climate change.[21] The International Day of Climate Action, celebrated annually on October 24th, raises awareness about the urgent need to address issues of climate change. It is a worldwide movement where people come together to highlight the importance of environment conservation, advocate policies, and encourage sustainability[22]. There is no gain saying the fact that man depends on his environment for existence and sustenance such that man’s life is shaped by his environment, and this underscores the need for the protection of the environment from all forms of degradation, especially those brought about by the activities of man[23]. Goal 13 of the SDG goals calls for urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. It is intrinsically linked to all 16 of the other Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. To address climate change, countries adopted the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius[24]. The UN continues to encourage all stakeholders to act toward reducing the impacts of climate change. [25] Hence the UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 29) which will be held in November 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan with the theme "Our Land, Our Future. We are #GenerationRestoration," emphasizes the importance of restoring land, combating desertification, and enhancing resilience to drought. [26] Against this background, NOIPolls gauged the opinions of Nigerians regarding climate change and hereby presents its findings. Survey Methodology The survey was conducted through telephone interviews in the week of 15th July 2024. A proportionate random nationwide selected sample of 1,000 phone-owning Nigerians, 18 years and above, were interviewed across the six geopolitical zones in the country. This sample size provides a 95% confidence interval that the results obtained are within a range of plus or minus 4.65% of the opinions of the population. The interviews were conducted in English, Pidgin, Hausa, Igbo, or Yoruba. The use of several Nigerian languages reduces the likelihood of a non-response bias. Demographic Distribution A total of 1,041 respondents were randomly selected for this survey. The survey was administered over the telephone in five languages, using a well-structured questionnaire. The demographic distribution of the respondents was analyzed by the following groups: gender, age group, geo-political zones, and occupation as illustrated in Figure 1 below. Gender: The proportion of male and female respondents was almost equal with 51 percent and 49 percent respectively. Age Group: The age group with the highest frequency in the survey was 18-35 (68 percent) and the lowest age group represented was 61+ (2 percent). Geo-Political Zone All geo-political zones were adequately represented in the survey, the highest represented zone is the North-West zone (24 percent) and the lowest is the South-East zone (12 percent). Occupation: The highest proportion of respondents surveyed were self-employed traders (29 percent); followed by farmer/fishing/Agric workers (18 percent) and government workers/ Civil servants (17 percent). The lowest-represented occupations in the survey were religious leader/missionary, Youth Corp members and others with 1 percent each. Survey Results Respondents to the poll were asked twenty specific questions. This section of the report presents findings from each question. Perception of Nigerians about Climate Change The first question gauged the perception of Nigerians nationwide about their understanding of climate change and the result revealed that most Nigerians (68 percent) nationwide believe it is a change in weather patterns or conditions. Perception of Climate Change Existence Nearly all respondents (98 percent) believe that climate change is real. This response cuts across gender, geographical locations, and age groups. However, just a handful of Nigerians (2 percent) stated otherwise. Perception of Whether Nigeria is Experiencing Climate Change More than 9 in 10 Nigerians (94 percent) reported that Nigeria is currently experiencing climate change. This response cuts across gender, geographical locations, and age groups with a minimum representation of 92 percent. Perception of Major Causes of Climate Change Interestingly, survey results showed that 24 percent of Nigerians stated that they do not know the causes of climate change. On the flip side, deforestation (22 percent), industrial activities (13 percent), bush burning (10 percent), and natural occurrence (10 percent) were the top four causes mentioned by respondents amongst others. Perception of Annual Temperature Pattern When asked if the annual temperature in their area has gone warmer, colder, or stayed about the same over five years, almost two–thirds of respondents (63 percent) surveyed reported that it is warmer with the North-East (84 percent) and North-West regions (81 percent) having more respondents who reported this. Additionally, 27 percent of the respondents revealed that it is colder, while 10 percent disclosed that it has stayed the same. Annual Precipitation (Rainfall) Pattern The survey findings showed that 38 percent reported that the annual precipitation (rainfall) pattern in their local area over five years has decreased in a very steady pattern. On the other hand, 23 percent reported an increase in a steady pattern within the period in review. The South-South (41 percent) and South-West regions (38 percent) accounted for the highest proportion of respondents who reported an increase in rainfall. Similarly, 20 percent reported that it has varied from year to year more than it has in the past, and 19 percent reported that the annual rainfall varied from year to year as it always has in their local areas. Experience on Flooding Subsequently, the study further revealed that 32 percent of the respondents stated that they have experienced a form of flooding that affected their properties in the last five years and the North-East accounted for the higher number of respondents (44 percent) who mentioned this. Impact of Adverse Changes in the environment on livelihoods Interestingly, survey results showed that 52 percent of the respondents answered in the affirmative when asked if adverse changes in the environment would affect their livelihoods. This cuts across genders, geographical locations and age groups. Reasons Given on How Adverse Changes in the Environment Effects Livelihoods 52 percent of those who disclosed that adverse changes in the environment affected their livelihoods were further probed. The Survey result showed that 25 percent of this proportion revealed that flooding destroys their farms and properties. Other reasons mentioned are negative farm produce and productivity (21 percent), heavy rainfall and flooding restricting movement (13 percent), and it leads to illness/other health challenges (13 percent) etc. Proportion of Nigerians Involved in Farming The survey result showed that slightly above 61 percent of the respondents affirmed that they either grow crops or raise livestock or poultry in their present location/village. Perception of the age group showed that those aged between 36 – 60 years accounted for the largest proportion (65 percent) of Nigerians who are involved in farming. Proportion of Farmers Who Grow Crops Of the proportion (61 percent) who are involved in farming, the majority (85 percent) affirmed that they grow crops. These responses cut across all demographics however,15 percent stated otherwise. Impact of Climate Change on Crop Yields Unfortunately, 84 percent of the respondents stated that climate change has had an impact on their crop yield when asked if they think climate change has affected their crop yields. This assertion cuts across all regions, gender and age groups. Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture. Similarly, an overwhelming majority (89 percent) of the respondents affirmed that climate change has had an impact on agriculture generally. This is not far-fetched given that Nigeria is currently experiencing a food shortage. Impact of Climate Change on Communities The survey result revealed that 70 percent of the respondents reported that changes in the climate have affected the community they live in negatively. This response cuts across geographical locations, genders, and age groups. Relocated Due to Climate Change Interestingly, 49 percent of the respondents disclosed that they or someone they know have had to relocate from their residence or farm because of climate change-related issues. The North-East zone (64 percent) accounted for the largest proportion of respondents. Perception of Global Warming Furthermore, the survey sought to know the perception of Nigerians about global warming. The result showed that 51 percent of the respondents do not know what global warming is. About 3 in 10 Nigerians (32 percent) stated that it means a change in weather conditions. Other perceptions about the concept are an increase in temperature/heat waves (10 Percent), Ozone layer depletion (2 percent), and human activities affecting the atmosphere (2 percent) amongst others. Perception of Factors That Contribute to Global Warming When respondents were asked: What factors do you think contribute to global warming? The findings showed that industrial pollution (28 percent), deforestation (28 percent) and natural causes were the top three reasons mentioned. Concern About Global Warming Interestingly, more than 7 in 10 Nigerians (75 percent) revealed that they are concerned about global warming and the North-Central had the higher number of respondents who stated this. Confidence in Government’s Ability to Address Climate Change Challenges Subsequently, the survey measured the level of confidence of Nigerians in the government’s ability to address climate change-related challenges in their areas. The survey result showed that 41 percent of Nigerians are confident that the government can tackle the challenges whereas, 46 percent disclosed that they have no confidence in the government. However, 13 percent maintained a neutral stance. Suggestions on Curbing Climate Change and Global Warming With regards to the recommendation, planting of trees (19 percent), enactment of legislation to regulate pollution (13 percent) and stopping unregulated burning of bushes and fuels (9 percent) were the top three mentioned measures. However, 24 percent of the respondents do not have any suggestions on the topic. Conclusion In conclusion, the survey result has shown that most Nigerians are aware of the meaning of climate change as indicated by 68 percent of respondents surveyed. The vast majority (94 percent) also believe that the country is currently experiencing climate change, as 1 out of 2 respondents (52 percent) affirmed that adverse changes in their environment have impacted negatively on their livelihoods, communities (70 percent), crop yield (84 percent), and agriculture as a whole (89 percent). However, a greater proportion of Nigerians (46 percent) have no confidence in the ability of the government to address challenges associated with climate change in their area. As a call to action, respondents have offered some suggestions to curb the effects of climate change and global warming amongst which include the planting of trees (19 percent), enactment of legislation to regulate pollution (13 percent), stop unregulated bush burning (9 percent) amongst others. Therefore, the government and stakeholders must synergize and ensure that they leverage new technologies, strategies, and approaches that are being employed in advanced countries. These are necessary stages to ensure that the changing climate does not worsen the multidimensional pressure already on the food and environmental systems. Finally, if the government's strategies and plans towards human and economic development in Nigeria are to achieve needed results, they must include appropriate measures for climate change impacts. [1] What Is Climate Change? - NASA Science [2]https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211219.pdf [3] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1269701/knowledge-of-climate-change-topic-in-nigeria-by-area/#:~:text=Knowledge%20of%20climate%20change%20topic%20in%20Nigeria%202020%2C%20by%20area&text=As%20of%202020%2C%20more%20than,have%20heard%20about%20this%20topic. [4]https://www.usaid.gov/climate/country-profiles/nigeria [5] https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/nigerias-cities-are-at-severe-risk-from-climate-change-time-to-build-resilience-and-fast/ [6] https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/nigerias-cities-are-at-severe-risk-from-climate-change-time-to-build-resilience-and-fast/ [7]https://www.google.com/search?q=when+is+world+climate+day&oq=when+is+world+climate+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyBggBEEUYOTIICAIQABgWGB4yCAgDEAAYFhgeMggIBBAAGBYYHjIICAUQABgWGB4yCAgGEAAYFhgeMggIBxAAGBYYHjIICAgQABgWGB4yCAgJEAAYFhge0gEKMTQ2MDNqMGoxNagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [8]https://www.google.com/search?q=when+is+world+climate+day&oq=when+is+world+climate+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyBggBEEUYOTIICAIQABgWGB4yCAgDEAAYFhgeMggIBBAAGBYYHjIICAUQABgWGB4yCAgGEAAYFhgeMggIBxAAGBYYHjIICAgQABgWGB4yCAgJEAAYFhge0gEKMTQ2MDNqMGoxNagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [9] https://environmentgo.com/climate-change/ [10] https://environmentgo.com/climate-change/ [11] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/all-about-climate/ [12] https://environmentgo.com/climate-change/ [13] Climate change: a threat to human wellbeing and health of the planet. Taking action now can secure our future — IPCC [14] https://environmentgo.com/climate-change/ [15] https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211219.pdf [16] https://www.unops.org/news-and-stories/stories/advancing-climate-action-building-resilience [17] https://www.usaid.gov/climate/country-profiles/nigeria [18] https://www.usaid.gov/climate/country-profiles/nigeria [19] NigeriaCC_.png (3001×2064) (afrobarometer.org) [20] https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211219.pdf [21] https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211219.pdf [22]https://www.google.com/search?q=what+day+does+the+UN+commemorate+climate+change+day&oq=what+day+does+the+UN+commemorate+climate+change+day&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIKCAIQABiABBiiBDIKCAMQABiABBiiBNIBCjI2NTIwajBqMTWoAgiwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [23] https://fmino.gov.ng/climate-change-nigeria-brief-review-causes-effects-solution/ [24] https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/climate- action/#:~:text=Goal%2013%20calls%20for%20urgent,well%20below%202%20degrees%20Celsius. [25] https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/climate- action/#:~:text=Goal%2013%20calls%20for%20urgent,well%20below%202%20degrees%20Celsius [26] https://sdg.iisd.org/events/2024-un-climate-change-conference-unfccc-cop-29/

Abuja, Nigeria. July 29th, 2024 – Nigeria’s electricity problem is a perennial and teething problem that has gone on unabated for years without a requisite solution in sight. As a result, Nigerians have continued to grope in darkness due to the challenges bedeviling the power sector in the country. According to World Bank statistics, 85 million Nigerians do not have access to grid electricity. This is a staggering figure, considering the country’s estimated population of 200 million, and it makes Nigeria a country with the largest energy access deficit in the world. The lack of reliable power is a substantial constraint for citizens and businesses, resulting in annual economic losses estimated at $26.2 billion (₦10.1 trillion) which is equivalent to about 2 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). According to the World Bank Doing Business 2020 report, Nigeria ranks 171 out of 190 countries in getting electricity, and its access is seen as one of the major constraints for the private sector. Against this backdrop, NOIPolls presents findings from its one-year power poll series. The poll conducted over one year (June 2023 to May 2024), assessed the opinions and perceptions of Nigerians regarding electricity supply to their households. Some 11,000 plus respondents were interviewed across the 36 states and the FCT in the survey within one year. The results over the last one year (June 2023 to May 2024) is a monthly trend analysis of power supply which showed a greater improvement in power supply in November 2023 while the lowest supply occurred in February 2024 as expressed by 51 percent and 13 percent of Nigerians interviewed, respectively. Further findings revealed that the highest average cumulative hours of power supply were recorded in November 2023 which stood at 8.9 hours per day, whereas the months of February and April experienced the lowest in terms of average cumulative hours of power supply (4.7 hours per day each) in 2024. This cumulative hourly average recorded in November 2023 is inadequate compared to an ideal 24 hours of power supply which is required for the overall progress and development of the country and its citizenry. Therefore, to drastically improve the status quo in the electricity sector, experts in this sector need to identify more efficient means of electricity generation. For instance, the use of embedded generation will help eliminate the long distance the power travels to get to the end user and will ultimately improve the supply of electricity. It is, therefore, advised that the Government and stakeholders in the power sector synergise to provide adequate power supply. This is important because the decline in power supply will continue to hamper economic activities, especially of businesses whose operations depend majorly on the power supply. Conclusion In conclusion, the poll result revealed that Nigerians experienced better power supply in November 2023 with an average cumulative hours of power supply per day of 8.9 hours between June 2023 and May 2024. This average cumulative hours of power supply to Nigerian households is grossly inadequate for the country and therefore requires urgent attention for improvement. There are challenges experienced in the sector, which include vandalism, theft of equipment, pipe breakage in the case of gas supply, general infrastructure deficit and many others, however it is expected that the stakeholders will surmount these challenges and put the country on track for uninterrupted power supply to foster greater economic development in Nigeria. The government and stakeholders can leverage other forms of power generation like solar, wind, geo-thermal etc, which is the most viable option to ameliorate the power problem in the country. Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as authors whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited, or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect the views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or facts, or any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken because of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions, or views herein constitute a judgment as of the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls' current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact Email: editor@noi-polls.com cakubue@noi-polls.com nohuche@noi-polls.com Number: +234 (0)8135474512 +234 (0)8137496113

The people's perspective on democracy Afrobarometer country democracy scorecards present graphic illustrations of our latest survey findings and over-time trends on key indicators of democratic demand and supply, from support for democratic norms and practices to satisfaction, freedoms, and perceptions of official corruption. Nigeria's scorecard at a glance. Download the scorecard here to explore more'

Foreword: Afrobarometer and African democracy Executive summary Africa’s democratic project faces challenging times, overshadowing ruling-party transitions, the ouster of long-sitting presidents, and other democratic advances, and fuelling warnings that democracy is losing ground on the continent. Afrobarometer has documented the democratic aspirations and experiences of African citizens for the past 25 years. This report, the first in what will be an annual series on high-priority topics, distills findings from data spanning more than a decade, including our latest round of nationally representative surveys in 39 countries. In a nutshell: Africans want more democratic governance than they are getting, and the evidence suggests that nurturing support for democracy will require strengthening integrity in local government and official accountability. Key findings Support for democracy On average across 39 countries, support for democracy remains robust: Two-thirds (66%) of Africans say they prefer democracy to any other system of government, and large majorities reject one-man rule (80%), one-party rule (78%), and military rule (66%). But across 30 countries surveyed consistently over the past decade, support for democracy has declined by 7 percentage points, including by 29 points in South Africa and 23 points in Mali. Opposition to military rule has weakened by 11 points across 30 countries, most dramatically in Mali and Burkina Faso (by 40 and 36 points, respectively). More than half of Africans (53% across 39 countries) are willing to accept a military takeover if elected leaders “abuse power for their own ends.” Growing majorities call for government accountability and the rule of law, and support for other democratic norms has held steady over the past decade, including presidential accountability to Parliament, multiparty competition, presidential term limits, and media freedom. But support for elections has dropped by 8 percentage points across 30 countries, though a large majority still consider it the best method for choosing their leaders. Supply of democracy Fewer than half (45%) of Africans think their countries are mostly or completely democratic, and only 37% say they are satisfied with the way democracy works in their countries. Across 30 countries, both indicators show declines – of 8 and 11 percentage points, respectively – over the past decade. Satisfaction with democracy has dropped precipitously in some of Africa’s most high-profile democracies, including Botswana (-40 points), Mauritius (-40 points), and South Africa (-35 points). Other indicators of democratic supply also show at least modest declines, including citizen assessments of the quality of elections and their president’s accountability to Parliament and the courts. Drivers of democratic attitudes Deepening citizen dissatisfaction with how democracy is performing is strongly associated with perceived declines in both socioeconomic and political performance. But support for democracy as a system of government is more resilient to economic and social deficiencies. Where we see declines in support for democracy, they are most closely linked to adverse changes in political performance, such as declining election quality, increasing levels of corruption, and failure to promote the rule of law. Given the importance of citizen support to the survival of a democratic project, our findings underscore the centrality of restoring faith in African governments’ ability to deliver accountable, democratic governance. This summary was first published on Afrobarometer

Afrobarometer’s inaugural flagship report shows that Africans remain strongly committed to democracy, its norms, and institutions, but there are also causes for concern. Over the past decade, popular support for democracy has declined sharply in several countries, and opposition to military rule has weakened. Meanwhile, satisfaction with the way democracy works has continued to decline. While popular satisfaction with democracy is highly susceptible to economic, social, and political performance, support for democracy is resilient against economic factors such as poverty and poor economic management. Instead, the evidence points to political factors, including rising corruption in local government, poor-quality elections, and a lack of presidential accountability, as factors that tend to undermine popular faith in democracy. Nurturing support for democracy will therefore require strengthening integrity in local government and improved official accountability. The report, the first in what will be an annual series on high-priority topics, distils findings from data spanning more than a decade, including the latest round of nationally representative surveys in 39 African countries, representing the views of more than three-fourths of the continent’s population. The full report can be found here. The findings, based on 53,444 face-to-face interviews, show that most Africans prefer democracy to any other system of government and reject non-democratic alternatives, including military rule. They also strongly endorse norms, institutions, and practices associated with democratic governance, such as choosing political leaders through the ballot box, constitutional limits on presidential tenure, presidential compliance with court rulings, parliamentary oversight of the executive, media freedom, and multiparty competition. Remarkably for a continent with huge gaps in government services, a clear – and growing – majority say it is more important for a government to be accountable to the people than to “get things done.” But other trends portend danger for the continent’s democratic development. Opposition to military rule has weakened: More than half of Africans express a willingness to tolerate military intervention “when elected leaders abuse power for their own ends,” even though two-thirds reject institutionalised military rule. While Africa’s youth differ little from their elders in their support for democracy, they express a greater willingness to tolerate military intervention. Worryingly, perceptions of important democratic governance practices have either been declining over time, as in the case of presidential respect for the courts and Parliament, or have remained stagnant at very low levels, as in the case of equal treatment before the law. The report also includes country democracy scorecards that present graphic illustrations of Afrobarometer findings on the most critical indicators of democratic demand and supply for each of the countries surveyed. This article was first published on Afrobarometer.

Abuja, Nigeria. June 12th, 2024 – A new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls has revealed that corruption is the major challenge facing democratic rule in Nigeria as stated by 26 percent of adult Nigerians interviewed nationwide. Other challenges adduced by respondents include bad governance (20 percent), weak government institutions (18 percent) and insecurity (9 percent) amongst other challenges mentioned. This finding is further corroborated by the findings of Price water Cooper, a professional services organisation which stated that corruption could gulp up to 37 percent of Nigeria’s GDP by 2030. The report further revealed that the cost of corruption will be around 2000 USD per person by the year 2030 if not curtailed[1]. Download report here Furthermore, the poll result revealed that most adult Nigerians (74 percent) lamented they are not satisfied with democratic rule. Economic hardship (27 percent), high cost of living (20 percent), and no dividends of democracy (17 percent) were the top-mentioned reasons for their dissatisfaction with democratic dispensations. On the flip side, 25 percent gave thumbs-up with a greater number of respondents (34 percent) citing freedom of expression as a top reason. This finding corroborates the publication of Business Day newspaper which says ‘’ Nigeria’s democracy has been a story of trials and triumphs over the past 25 years. While the country has faced political instability, corruption, security threats, and economic challenges, it has also seen democracy gradually take root, granting citizens’ rights and freedoms unknown during military rule’’[2]. Additionally, respondents were asked to rate some key sectors under democratic rule in the country using a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is very poor and 5 is very good. The poll findings revealed that majority of adult Nigerians (83 percent) interviewed rated economy as the poorest amongst the sectors under review. This is followed by electricity (79 percent), security (68 percent), Agriculture (65 percent), social amenities (63 percent), education (58 percent) amongst others ratings. Subsequently, the survey also sought to measure the level of trust Nigerians have in some public institutions who engage most with the general public using a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 cannot be trusted at all, and 5 can be trusted a lot. The poll findings revealed that 62 percent of Nigerians disclosed that they have no trust in Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and this represents the highest number of respondents. This is followed by those who mentioned the Police (57 percent), the Judiciary (54 percent), Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) amongst others. Interestingly, on the contrary, a significant proportion of Nigerians (47 percent) revealed that they trust religious leaders more than public institutions. This is followed by 43 percent who say they trust the military and 40 percent traditional rulers. With regards to voter’s apathy, the findings revealed that almost half of the respondents (48 percent) interviewed believe that their votes do not count hence the main reason for low voters’ turnout during elections. Other reasons mentioned include lack of trust in politicians (20 percent), lack of trust in INEC (18 percent), fear of violence eruption (9 percent) and insecurity (9 percent) amongst other reasons. More findings revealed that 45 percent of the respondents want the government to focus on security within the next year. This is followed by the economy (39 percent) and education (37 percent). Other areas mentioned are food security (29 percent), electricity (28 percent), healthcare (24 percent), and job creation (22 percent). These are some of the key findings from the Democracy Day Poll conducted in the week commencing May 8th, 2024. Background Democracy Day is one of the most important days in the history of Nigeria[3]. It is a national public holiday in Nigeria to commemorate the restoration of democracy in 1999 marking an end to military rule in the country and it was symbolized by the swearing-in of the first President-elect, Olusegun Obasanjo, on May 29, 1999. Until 2018, it was celebrated annually on May 29[4]. On June 6, 2018, eight days after May 29, 2018, celebrated as Democracy Day, the immediate past administration of President Muhammadu Buhari, declared June 12 as the new Democracy Day, to commemorate the events of the day of the Presidential election in 1993 when results indicated a win for MKO Abiola of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), against Bashir Tofa of the National Republican Convention (NRC). Abiola was never declared winner as the then Head of State General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida annulled the polls citing irregularities. It is a tradition that has been held annually, beginning in the year 2000. June 12 was formerly known as Abiola Day, celebrated in Lagos and some South-Western states of Nigeria[5]. Democracy Day is celebrated in many different ways. It is a day to both honour the struggles and sacrifices on the path toward democracy. Democracy Day is also an opportunity to create awareness amongst Nigerians regarding the importance of participating in the political process and to encourage younger people to value the rights for which so many people worked so hard[6]. But the big question is: ‘’ Has democracy in Nigeria fared well since 1999?’’. Dr Obiageli Ezekwesili, the former Vice-President of the World Bank's Africa Division, and a former Minister of Education and co-founder of the #BringBackOurGirls movement-maintained that Democracy in practice and principle has been turbulent for Nigeria. She added that the voice of the citizens, in the long run, could make a difference in the democratic process of the country[7]. More so, the Democracy Watch Reports, a compilation of reports that examine the state of democracy in Nigeria since May 1999, were unveiled by CDD-West Africa Director Idayat Hassan in Abuja. Presenting a broad overview of the reports, Hassan noted that despite 25 consecutive years of democratic rule, “it is still going to be a long walk to freedom” for Nigerians because democracy has not improved the economic and human rights situation of Nigerians. In his words, ‘’we appreciate the improvements in the conduct of periodic elections even though it is still far from the ideals, there has not been much improvement in civil liberties and the economy of Nigeria’’[8].The CDD-West Africa Director added that the development was disturbing as it would be “a fatal mistake to celebrate democracy only in name rather than an improvement in the dividends of democracy and how that reflects in the state of the economy.[9]” In the overview of the Democracy Watch Reports, CDD-West Africa explained that the dividends of democracy were not necessarily infrastructures as even authoritarian governments, including the military, had been noted to provide some basic infrastructures. According to the centre, dividends of democracy encapsulated such attributes as popular participation, rule of law, respect for human rights, accountability, transparency, predictability, competition and economic freedom, amongst others[10]. Against this background, NOIPolls surveyed to find out the views of Nigerians regarding democracy day and presents its findings. Survey Findings Public Satisfaction with Democracy in Nigeria The first question sought to gauge citizen’s satisfaction with democratic rule in Nigeria. The survey result revealed that most adult Nigerians nationwide are dissatisfied with democratic rule in Nigeria as disclosed by 74 percent of the proportion polled. On the other hand, while 25 percent of the respondents say they are satisfied, 10 percent of the respondents indicated that they were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with democracy Subsequently, the majority, (74 percent) of the respondents who stated that they were displeased with the democratic rule in Nigeria were further probed and findings revealed that respondents mostly lamented over the high cost of living (47 percent), poor governance (20 percent) and lack of dividends of democracy (17 percent) amongst other reasons. On the contrary, 25 percent of the respondents who stated that they are satisfied with the democratic rule were further asked for their reason and 34 percent of the respondents stated that they enjoy the freedom of expression, dividends of democracy (19 percent) and that the government is doing its best (16 percent) amongst other reasons. Challenges to Democracy in Nigeria Additionally, respondents were asked what they think is the major challenge facing democracy in Nigeria. The poll findings revealed that corruption is the major challenge facing democracy in Nigeria as stated by 26 percent of those interviewed. Other challenges mentioned by Nigerians include bad governance (20 percent), weak government institutions (18 percent) and insecurity (9 percent) amongst other challenges. Evaluation of Governments’ Performance Across Key Sectors in Nigeria Furthermore, respondents were asked to rate some key sectors under democratic rule in the country using a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is very poor and 5 is very good. The poll findings revealed that majority of adult Nigerians (83 percent) interviewed rated economy as the poorest rating amongst the sectors under review. This is followed by electricity (79 percent), security (68 percent), Agriculture (65 percent), social amenities (63 percent), education (58 percent) amongst others ratings. Trust In Public Institutions Furthermore, the survey also sought to measure the level of trust Nigerians have on some public institutions who engage most with the general public using a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 is cannot be trusted at all, and 5 is can be trusted a lot. The poll findings revealed that 62 percent of Nigerians say that they have no trust in Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and this represents the highest proportion of respondents. This is followed by those who mentioned the Police (57 percent), the Judiciary (54 percent), Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) amongst others. On the other hand, a significant proportion of Nigerians (47 percent) revealed they trust religious leaders more than the public institutions. This is also followed by 43 percent who say they trust the military and 40 percent traditional rulers. Voting Behaviour and Belief In order to determine voting behaviour amongst adult Nigerians, respondents were asked if they have voted before or not. Findings revealed that the vast majority (93 percent) answered in the affirmative. This cuts across gender, geo-political zones and age-group. Most of the respondents who disclosed that they have voted before were further asked the number of times they have participated in the exercise and findings revealed that a higher proportion of respondents (31 percent) have voted nine times and above. With regards to voter’s apathy, the findings revealed that a higher proportion of respondents (48 percent) interviewed believe that their votes do not count and that is the major reason for low voters’ turnout during elections. Other reasons mentioned include lack of trust in politicians (20 percent), lack of trust in INEC (18 percent), fear of violence eruption (9 percent) and insecurity (9 percent) amongst other reasons. When asked to rate the performance of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in terms of efficiency and fairness during elections in Nigeria, findings showed that 59 percent of the respondents accounting for a higher proportion surveyed, rated the election umpire poor as opposed to 17 percent who gave a thump up. However, 24 percent maintained a neutral stance. Public Optimism for the Future The survey also sought to know the level of optimism of respondents on the future of democracy in the country. Findings revealed that a larger proportion of respondents (60 percent) have high hopes regarding the future of democracy in Nigeria. On the contrary, 22 percent expressed pessimism while 18 percent were neutral. Respondents were further asked to mention three top areas they expect the government to focus its attention in the next one year. Findings revealed that more respondents (45 percent) want the government to focus on security. This is followed by the economy (39 percent) and education (37 percent). Other areas mentioned are food security (29 percent), electricity (28 percent), healthcare (24 percent), job creation (22 percent). Conclusion Findings from the survey have shown that majority of adult Nigerians (74 percent) interviewed are not satisfied with democratic rule and have cited several reasons for their dissatisfaction among which include, Economic hardship (27 percent), high cost of living (20 percent), and no dividends of democracy (17 percent). Despite these issues, a significant proportion of respondents (60 percent) have remained optimistic about the future of Nigerian democracy. In the same vein, 26 percent of Nigerians mentioned corruption as the major challenge facing democratic rule in the country. Furthermore, the poll result has also shown that respondents have little or no trust at all in some institutions of the country under the democratic rule with a larger proportion (62 percent) not trusting the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and this is followed by the police (57 percent), the judiciary (54 percent). This is calling on public institutions in the country to improve on the glaring trust deficit expressed by adult Nigerians as revealed in this survey. On the other hand, almost half of the respondents (47 percent) disclosed that they trust religious leaders, the military (43 percent) and traditional rulers (40 percent). Finally, findings also revealed that respondents cited security (45 percent), economy (39 percent) and education (37 percent) as the three top areas they expect the federal government to focus its attention on in the next year. The Federal government must strengthen our institutions, ensure accountability and transparency, and revive key sectors so citizens can enjoy the dividends of democracy in earnest and confidence in democratic rule will be restored. Survey Methods The opinion poll was conducted in the week commencing May 20th, 2024. It involved telephone interviews of a proportionate nationwide sample of 1,000 randomly selected phone-owning Nigerians aged 18 years and above, representing the six geo-political regions and 36 states and the FCT of the country. Interviews were conducted in 5 languages – Igbo, Hausa, Yoruba, Pidgin English, and English. Although we can say with 95% confidence that the results obtained were statistically precise – within a margin of error of plus or minus 4.65%; we recognize that the exclusive use of telephone polling has its limitation of excluding non-phone-owning Nigerians. Nonetheless, with the country’s tele density put over 100 per cent by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), we consider our telephone polling approach appropriate. Also, given the rigorous scientific process of randomization and stratification applied, we can confidently stand by the validity of our methodology and approach. NOIPolls Limited, No. 1 for country-specific polling services in West Africa. We conduct periodic opinion polls and studies on various socio-economic and political issues in Nigeria. More information is available at www.noi-polls.com. Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as authors whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited, or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect the views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or facts, or any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken because of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions, or views herein constitute a judgment as of the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls' current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact Email: editor@noi-polls.com cakubue@noi-polls.com nohuche@noi-polls.com Number: +234 (0) 9 - 290 4162 +234 (0) 9 – 291 4877 [1] https://www.pwc.com/ng/en/press-room/impact-of-corruption-on-nigeria-s-economy.html [2] https://businessday.ng/backpage/article/revisiting-nigerias-democratic-journey-a-mixed-picture-of-economic-performance/ [3]https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/06/democracy-day-june-12/ [4]https://fmino.gov.ng/may-29th-in-nigerias-history/ [5] https://www.bellanaija.com/2023/06/democracy-day-june-12/ [6] https://fmino.gov.ng/may-29th-in-nigerias-history/ [7]https://www.nigeriainfo.fm/lagos/news/hardfacts/in-practice-and-in-principle-nigeria-has-not-fared-well-democratically-oby-ezekwesili/ [8]https://www.icirnigeria.org/democracy-has-not-improved-economy-civil-liberties-in-nigeria-after-22-years-cdd/ [9]. https://www.icirnigeria.org/democracy-has-not-improved-economy-civil-liberties-in-nigeria-after-22-years-cdd/ [10] https://www.icirnigeria.org/democracy-has-not-improved-economy-civil-liberties-in-nigeria-after-22-years-cdd/

Abuja, Nigeria. June 12th, 2024 – As Nigeria celebrates another year of uninterrupted democracy, pertinent issues bordering on governance and the economy have been debated across the Nigerian social media space and other news channels. The citizenry sees this period as an opportunity to assess the performance of the Tinubu-led administration in meeting their campaign promises which hinged on insecurity, corruption and the economy. Given the above, NOIPolls presents findings from its past series of polls on the current administration’s approval rating over the past year. The poll, conducted over the last one-year (June 2023 to May 2024), assessed the opinions and perceptions of Nigerians regarding the appraisal of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. A total of 11,000 respondents were interviewed across the 36 states of the federation and the FCT in the survey within one year. The results revealed that over the last one-year (June 2023 to May 2024), President Tinubu's job approval had been rated an average of 27.5 percent; with his highest rating of 43 percent in June 2023, and lowest rating of 11 percent in February 2024. While the increase in the approval rating for June 2023 could be attributed to Nigerian's optimism for a new government and the prospects of better governance, the February 2024 depression could also be linked with the face-off between the Nigerian Government over the demands of the Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC) that saw Unionists protest the soaring economic hardship. Also, across various States, there were protests by Nigerians over the high cost of living. According to government statistics, the inflation rate in January rose to 29.9%, its highest since 1996, mainly driven by food and non-alcoholic beverages.[1] Increases in the price of petrol, unemployment, decline in the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), free fall of the Naira, attacks on communities by armed bandits and strike actions by NLC and TUC over minimum wage are some of the issues starring Nigerians in the face just as the administration marks one year in office. These negative indices will likely influence the perceptions of Nigerians on the President’s performance as he marks one year in office. Furthermore, in terms of specific indicators, on average across the year, Nigerians rated the President’s performance on National Security (46.5 percent); while he was rated on Job Creation (38.6 percent), Corruption (38.2 percent) and handling of the Economy (37.9 percent). The figure below shows the compiled result as the polls were conducted every month. The respondents to the monthly polls were asked: Do you approve or disapprove of the job performance of President Tinubu in the past 1 month? Analysis from the compiled results revealed that President Bola Tinubu had an average approval rating of 27.5 percent over the last year, with the highest rating of 43 percent gain in June 2023 and the lowest rating of 11 percent in February 2024. With regards to specific indicators, Nigerians rated the President’s performance on National Security (46.5 percent) as average; while he was rated poorly on Job Creation (38.6 percent), Corruption (38.2 percent) and handling of the Economy (37.9 percent). Conclusion In conclusion, findings have revealed that over the last one-year, Tinubu’s administration has been rated an average of 27.5 percent on job approval; with his highest rating of 43 percent in June 2023, and lowest rating of 11 percent in February 2024. In addition, Nigerians rated the President’s performance on National Security (46.5 percent) as average; while he was rated poorly on Job Creation (38.6 percent), Corruption (38.2 percent) and handling of the Economy (37.9 percent). While Nigeria is facing economic challenges, viewing them as opportunities for positive transformation is crucial. By embracing comprehensive economic reforms, prioritising social welfare, creating job opportunities, accelerating infrastructure development, and fostering inclusive governance, Nigeria can move faster on her path to sustainable growth and development. Finally, the collective effort of government, private sector, and citizens is paramount in shaping a future where economic and other policies are not just markers of change but catalysts for progress and prosperity for all. One of these policies should centre on security and employment generation. If this is done, the security challenges and the high rate of unemployment Nigeria is currently struggling with can be greatly reduced. Disclaimer This Press Release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues that form the subject-matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as authors whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited, or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect the views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or facts, or any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken because of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions, or views herein constitute a judgment as of the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls' current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact Email: editor@noi-polls.com cakubue@noi-polls.com nohuche@noi-polls.com Number: +234 (0)8135474512 +234 (0)8137496113 [1] https://www.africanews.com/2024/02/20/nigerians-protest-over-high-cost-of-living/

Infographic depicting the poll on kidnapping Abuja, Nigeria. February 15, 2024 – A new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls has revealed a higher proportion of adult Nigerians nationwide (56 percent) lament authorities are not doing enough to curb the menace of kidnapping in the country. The poll further revealed that more respondents (53 percent), about 74,201,877 of the country’s population according to the population and housing census figures of 2006, consider kidnapping to be prevalent in Nigeria. Interestingly, the North-Central Zone accounted for the highest number of respondents who decried the prevalence of the menace. These findings further corroborate the publication of the International Centre for Investigative Report (ICIR), that in recent years, Nigeria has seen a sharp increase in kidnapping incidence. Similarly, the 2023 Nigeria Security Report on kidnappings/abductions by an Abuja-based security risk management and intelligence company, Beacon Consulting, captured by Punch Newspaper on January 13, 2024, the country’s security architecture at the moment is not accountable as it lacks operational, financial, and democratic accountability, a development the report said, has made it difficult to attain the desired success in security. In providing insights into the outcomes of the various kidnap cases reported in the country, findings revealed that 38 percent of adult Nigerians interviewed affirmed knowing someone who has been kidnapped within their community in the past year, while 62 percent stated otherwise. When asked if the most recent victim has been released, findings revealed a majority (78 percent) answered in the affirmative. Contrarily, 13 percent revealed that victims are still in captivity and 5 percent sadly disclosed victims were killed in captivity. Additionally, respondents (78 percent) who admitted that victims were released were further asked how long the victims were held hostage before regaining freedom. A higher proportion (60 percent) of respondents revealed that they were held for less than one month. Also, 24 percent stated victims were held for 1 to 2 months, 9 percent stated the victims were held for 3 to 5 months, and 4 percent stated the victims were held for 6 months and above. When respondents were asked if a ransom was paid for the victims’ release, 43 percent said ‘’Yes’ ’while 57 percent stated otherwise. Unfortunately, a higher proportion of respondents (21 percent) revealed that between 1 to 3 million was paid as ransom. This is followed by 17 percent who disclosed that 10 million and above was paid for victims’ release, 4 to 6 million at 11 percent. These findings corroborate the SBM Intelligence’s report captured by a Premium Times publication that Kidnappers collected N650 million as ransom in one year. The security report also recorded that N6.531 billion ($9.9 million) was demanded in ransom between July 2021 and June 2022 but N653.7 million ($1.2 million) was paid as ransom for releasing captives. In the same vein, respondents (13 percent) who revealed that victims are still in captivity were asked how long they have been held captive. A significant proportion (30 percent) disclosed victims have been held hostage for less than one month and another significant proportion, (30 percent) revealed two months. In others, 23 percent revealed that victims have been in captivity for 6 months or above. Major causes of kidnapping in the country, 39 percent of respondents stated economic hardship and unemployment (28 percent) as major causes of kidnapping in Nigeria. Other cited causes include; Bad Governance (10 percent), Get Rich Quick syndrome (5 percent), and Poverty (4 percent). However, 9 percent of respondents stated that they do not know the cause of kidnapping in the country. Finally, respondents were asked what should be done to curb kidnapping in the country and the result revealed that a higher proportion of respondents (37 percent) suggest Youth Empowerment/Creation of job opportunities as a way of curbing the menace. Others 22 percent want security forces to be strengthened. These are some of the key findings from the poll on kidnapping conducted in the week commencing February 12, 2024. Background Kidnapping has become a menace and one of the security challenges in Nigeria. The definition of kidnapping is not specific as it varies from state to state and jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Kidnapping as the name implies, is the forceful seizure, taking away and unlawful detention of a person against his/her will. It is an illicit practice in which human beings are forcefully abducted to an unknown location for payment of ransom by relatives. Kidnapping is a common law offence and the key part is that it is an unwanted act on the part of the victim. It is a restriction of someone else’s liberty which violates the provision of freedom of movement as enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, where every other law takes its cue from. The predominance of this illicit practice in Nigeria was ranked in the global index as one of the worst places to dwell. In Nigeria, kidnapping and hostage-taking dates back to decades ago and has particularly become a major security issue in the country since the early 2000s with the emergence of the Niger Delta militants. The volatile oil-rich regions of the Niger Delta witnessed this phenomenon on a large scale with the targets mostly expatriates and Nigerians in the oil business. While the federal government found some ways to manage the kidnapping situation in the Niger Delta region then, the menace didn’t stop. It has spread throughout the country extending to places as far as Kano and Kaduna in the far Northern part of Nigeria. South-Eastern and South-South parts of Nigeria have also become the kidnappers’ playgrounds. Recently, kidnapping has risen across all regions in the country, with an average of 3,000 persons abducted almost every year in the last 3 years. The widening scale of kidnapping in Nigeria is a cause for concern as all are affected by it. Churches, mosques, markets, schools, homes and highways, all are susceptible to this menace. The abductees and their families are traumatised by the ordeal as victims are often assaulted, starved, molested, maimed or killed as the case may be. Large-scale abductions have also targeted school children. A study case is the abduction of the Chibok Girls. Ten years ago, 276 schoolgirls were abducted from a government secondary school in Chibok, a town in Borno State, Nigeria. Some of the girls escaped captivity on their own, while others were released following intense campaigning efforts from organisations, including Amnesty International. However, 82 girls remain in captivity, while more than 1,400 children have been abducted in subsequent attacks. Thousands of students have been kidnapped in Borno State’s Chibok, Niger State’s Kagara, Zamfara State’s Jangebe, Kaduna State’s Afaka, Kebbi State’s Yauri, Ekiti State etc. In 2021, Save the Children International, a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO), disclosed that over 1,000 students were abducted from Nigerian schools. Data from the NST also showed how the wave of kidnapping has shifted from one region to another. In July 2022, Daily Trust reported that N800 million was paid to terrorists to secure the release of seven captives seized from the AK9 train service attacked on the Abuja–Kaduna route. The released victims were among the dozens of passengers abducted on March 28, 2022, by gunmen who derailed the moving train. Similarly, an Enugu-based politician, Tochukwu Okeke, who in 2019 narrated how he was kidnapped by a late notorious kidnapper, Collins Ezenwa, popularly known as ‘E-money, said he paid $2 million, which had a naira value of N700 million at the time, to secure his release. The Monarchs are not spared as there were recent incidences of kidnap and gruesome killings of 2 monarchs in Kwara and Ondo states respectively. No fewer than 15 persons have been reportedly kidnapped in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) since the beginning of 2024. The victims were kidnapped in two major incidents that occurred in the first week of the new year thus depicting rising cases of abduction in the nation’s capital. With the invasion of kidnappers, ‘One-chance’ vehicle robbers and sundry other criminal cartels, Abuja is becoming increasingly unsafe for residents according to respected Security Analyst and Lawyer, Bulama Bukarti Nigeria’s Kidnapping crisis highlights the Country’s Problematic Intelligence Infrastructure. Whether the problems are technical, political, or both, it is civilians who pay the price. Unfortunately, there is a lack of will to effectively arrest and prosecute kidnappers, politics of resource control and complicit on the part of the political, religious and military leadership in the country acting as limiting factors on state’s responses. Against this background, NOIPolls surveyed to measure the opinions of Nigerians regarding kidnappings in the country, and hereby presents its findings.

A new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls in the week commencing February 26th, 2024, has revealed that 74 percent of adult female Nigerians are not aware of any socioeconomic support program specifically dedicated to women in their respective communities. Notwithstanding, almost all the female respondents (99 percent) nationwide admitted that socioeconomic support for women is important. In addition, the poll revealed that the top three important socioeconomic support programs mentioned are access to healthcare and reproductive rights (48 percent), leadership development initiatives like workshops (40 percent) and affordable childcare options amongst other support programs mentioned. Furthermore, when respondents were asked about their challenges as women, 68 percent stated financial constraints, 31 percent mentioned limited access to employment opportunities and 25 percent disclosed that their challenges are caregiving responsibilities for children and elderly family members. Similarly, the respondents were asked to state their professional challenges and the top three professional challenges mentioned are limited opportunities for career growth (13 percent), gender discrimination and bias, work-life balance and family responsibilities, and salary gap and unequal remuneration (10 percent each). Unfortunately, 96 percent of adult female Nigerians interviewed disclosed that they do not have any socioeconomic support program currently available to them. With regards to their educational level, out of the 96 percent who stated that there are no socioeconomic programs currently available to them, 98 percent have post-secondary school education while 97 percent have completed tertiary (97 percent). Download the report here. Find infographics that summarize the findings of the survey in an instant.