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Approval = 33% | Disapproval = 51% | Indifferent = 16% Overview Approval Sector

Approval = 21% | Disapproval = 61% | Indifferent = 18% Overview Approval Sector

Abuja, Nigeria. March 14th, 2023 – Ahead of the March 18th, 2023, governorship election in Lagos State, a new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls has again favored Babajide Olusola Sanwolu, candidate of the All-Progressives Congress (APC) to win the governorship race over Gbadebo Rhodes-Vivour, candidate of the Labour Party (LP) and Adediran Azeez Olajide of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP). Considering the outcome on the presidential election polls having conducted the second Lagos State gubernatorial pre-election polls before the presidential election, it was pertinent to determine if the outcome of the presidential elections had any effect on people’s choice come 18th of March 2023. This recent poll shows that Sanwolu leads with 36 percent of respondents opting to vote for him if the elections were conducted today. However, his lead over Gbadebo from the last polls has reduced by 5 percent with 13 percent of respondents now saying they would vote for Gbadebo if the elections were conducted today. Sanwolu’s lead of 23 percent is substantial however the momentum is with Gbadebo who had a 5 percent increase in the proportion of voters who disclosed that they are likely to vote for him within a period of 3 weeks. Given this trend, the postponement of the election from 11th to 18th March 2023 may also give him just enough time to further appeal to voters for their support. Adediran of PDP is lagging. It is important to also note that a significant proportion of respondents still refused to disclose the candidate they are likely to vote for (27%) or claimed they were still undecided (16%). This group can swing the outcome of the election in any direction. This poll was conducted between 3rd and 7th March 2023 and it sought to assess the level of preparedness of Lagos state residents towards the forthcoming gubernatorial election slated for March 18th, 2023. 500 randomly selected respondents, all resident in Lagos state, were interviewed via telephone. When asked which candidate respondents are likely to vote for, the result puts Sanwolu in the lead with 36%, over Gbadebo Rhodes-Vivour with 13%. The People Democratic Party (PDP) candidate, Adediran Azeez Olajide, trails at 5%. However, a significant proportion of voters, 27%, refused to disclose the candidate they are likely to vote for while 16% remain undecided as to who they will cast their vote for on election day. Interestingly, the poll also showed that 99 percent eligible voters in the state are registered to vote in the coming election, and 95 percent of this proportion claimed that they have their Permanent Voters’ Card (PVC); with almost 8 in 10 (79 percent) certain they will cast their vote on 18th March 2023. In conclusion, as party campaigns build up to the election day, findings from this poll has clearly pitched Sanwolu as favorite to win the March 18th governorship election in Lagos state with a substantial 23 percent lead over Gbadebo Rhodes-Vivour. However, given the election result in Lagos state during the presidential election, the postponement of the governorship election, and the proportion of undecided/refused, these factors remain critical to determining who emerges victorious at the poll on 18th March 2023. About NOIPolls & the Poll Methodology NOIPolls is Nigeria’s premier public opinion polling institution, which conducts periodic opinion polls and studies on various socio-economic and political issues in Nigeria. More information is available at www.noi-polls.com. The poll was conducted between 3rd and 7th March 2023. It involved telephone interviews of a random state-wide sample in Lagos State. 500 randomly selected phone-owning residents of the state aged 18 years and above, representing the three senatorial districts of the state, were interviewed. With a sample of this size, we can say with 95% confidence that the results obtained are statistically precise – within a range of plus or minus 4.65%. Signed 14-March-2023 Dr. Chike Nwangwu CEO NOIPolls

Approval = 25% | Disapproval = 53% | Indifferent = 22% Overview Approval Sector

Approval = 25% | Disapproval = 58% | Indifferent = 17% Overview Approval Sector

Approval = 21% | Disapproval = 55% | Indifferent = 24% Overview Approval Sector

Approval = 27% | Disapproval = 56% | Indifferent = 17% Overview Approval Sector

Presidential Approval Rating May 2022

Abuja, Nigeria. October 1st, 2024  – A new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls in commemoration of Nigeria’s 64th Independence Day has revealed that 51 percent of adult Nigerians nationwide stated nigerans are not united. However, further findings indicated that 79 percent of Nigerians take pride in being citizens of Nigeria mainly because it is their fatherland (84 percent) and they have nowhere else to call home. On the flipside, 21 percent lamented they were not proud being Nigerian mainly due to the economic hardship (33 percent) currently facing the country. Other reasons mentioned include there is nothing to be proud of (26 percent), high cost of living (19 percent), bad governance (12 percent) as well as bad leadership (6 percent).   Subsequently, the survey sought to know respondents’ opinion on what they consider to be the greatest achievement of Nigeria since it attained the status of Independence in 1960. Findings showed that 38 percent of adult Nigerians lamented that Nigeria as a nation has not achieved anything in the past 64 years. However, a few respondents were still able to pinpoint some achievements the country has made since her Independence. The top four achievements include agriculture (8 percent) and democracy (8 percent), education (7 percent), and telecommunications (6 percent) amongst others.   When asked about the single most important issue Nigeria as a nation should address in the next year, 39 percent of Nigerians mentioned the economy, closely followed by insecurity (18 percent). Other issues mentioned are fuel price (11 percent), bad governance (7 percent), corruption (7 percent), job creation (5 percent), education (4 percent), standard of living, infrastructural development, and electricity (2 percent each).   Similarly, when respondents were asked, which sector they think has performed well, unfortunately, 28 percent stated none. However, agriculture (19 percent), telecommunication (16 percent), power sector (7 percent), and education (5 percent) sector were given a thumbs up on performing well. These are some of the key findings from the Independence Day  poll conducted in the week commencing 23rd September 2024. Survey Background Independence Day, known colloquially as October First, is an official national holiday in Nigeria, celebrated on 1 October and it marks Nigeria's proclamation of independence from British rule on 1 October 1960 [1] .   The holiday is celebrated annually by the government of Nigeria. The festivities begin with the President's address to the nation, which is broadcasted on radio and television, celebrations across sectors including the Nigerian Armed Forces, the Nigeria Police Force, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the workforce [2] . The streets are filled with celebrations by individuals and groups wearing green-white-green.   In recent years public disillusionment has led to muted celebrations, due to the state of the economy and lingering ethnic tensions and insecurity [3] . As observed by Sheriffdeen Adewale Tella, a Nigerian academic economist and Professor of Economics at the Olabisi Onabanjo University, reported in the punch newspaper publication of September 30th, 2024, with the caption ‘’Shall we celebrate?’, Nigeria will be celebrating her flag independence tomorrow in low key as usual [4] . Adewale noted that the last five years have been tougher than the five before it [5] . It is difficult to remember when the independence ceremony was held with fanfare [6] . The previous two decades have been years of mixed feelings [7] .   Similarly, the Coalition of United Opposition Political Parties, CUPP, in a Press release issued by its National Spokesperson, Comrade Mark Adebayo, on the celebration of the country’s 64th Independence anniversary says “It is difficult to congratulate Nigerians on this occasion of the 64th Independence Anniversary because there is really nothing to celebrate. Independence is not an end in itself but was supposed to be a means to an end that translates into development, security, peace, and unity. But on all these indices, Nigeria is a crawling giant due, fundamentally, to the unfortunate succession of crude, heavily corrupt, unpatriotic, incompetent, and myopic leadership that has bedevilled this country since flag independence [8] . He lamented that each administration is worse than the last one [9] . In 1960 at Independence, Nigeria held a huge promise as the giant of Africa and the light of all blacks globally with enormous potentials to be among the most developed in the comity of nations. But alas, the foster elites that took over from the colonialists, plus the military and civilian politicians that followed them made looting of the country’s resources a fundamental policy of government [10] .   Nigeria’s current Senate President, Godswill Akpabio, speaking on Sunday, the 29th of September 2024, at an inter-denominational church service held at the National Christian Centre, Abuja, to mark the country’s 64th Independence Anniversary reported by ThisDay Newspaper publication of September 30th, said despite the increasingly bumpy times, Nigeria will triumph definitely [11] . Akpabio urged citizenry to be patient and hopeful, saying Nigeria’s brightest days are ahead [12] . Against this backdrop on the Independence Day Anniversary, NOIPolls conducted a survey to gauge the opinions of Nigerians regarding Nigeria’s progress since independence.   Survey Finding s The first question sought the opinion of adult Nigerians about being proud Nigerians as the country commemorates its 64th independence come October 1st, 2024. The survey result showed that majority of respondents (79 percent) revealed they are proud being Nigerians. This assertion cuts across gender, age groups and geo-graphical locations with at least 62 percent representation. On the flipside, only 21 percent said they were not proud of being a citizen. Subsequently, respondents (79 percent) who stated they are proud being Nigerian were further probed on why they are proud being Nigerians and 84 percent said it is because Nigeria is their country amongst other reasons. Similarly, respondents (21 percent) who expressed not being proud to be Nigerian were also probed for why and 33 percent mentioned economic hardship (33 percent) as a top reason. This is followed by 26 percent who said there is nothing to be proud of, 19 percent who pointed out high cost of living and 12 percent who cited bad governance amongst other reasons.   In addition, the survey also sought to know what respondents love most about being Nigerian. Unfortunately, findings showed that 24 percent of respondents said there is nothing to love about being a citizen of Nigeria. On the other hand, 21 percent mentioned cultural diversity as what they love the most about being Nigerian amongst other reasons.   Furthermore, in gauging the opinion of Nigerians on the single most important issue the country needs to address in the next one year. The findings showed 39 percent of the respondents mentioned the economy, insecurity (18 percent), fuel price (11 percent), bad governance (7 percent), corruption (7 percent), job creation (5 percent), and education (4 percent) amongst others important issues mentioned.   Interestingly, survey result showed that 38 percent of respondents polled affirmed that Nigeria has not achieved anything since her Independence 64 years ago. On the contrary, some respondents believe the country has recorded some great achievements around agriculture (8 percent), democracy (8 percent), education (7 percent) and telecommunication (6 percent) amongst other achievements mentioned. More findings also revealed that 17 percent of Nigerians interviewed do not know/refused to disclose their stance. Consequently, when asked which sector in Nigeria they think has performed very well, the result showed that 28 percent of Nigerians said none. However, agriculture (19 percent), telecommunication sector (16 percent), power sector (7 percent) were the top mentioned sectors respondents believe to have performed well. Finally, the survey sought to know how united Nigerians are using a scale of one to five, and findings showed that slightly more than half of the respondents surveyed (51 percent) believe that Nigerians are not united as opposed to 27 percent who believe citizens are united.   Conclusion In conclusion, the survey result showed that 24 percent of adult Nigerians have revealed that there is nothing to love about being Nigerian. Although most Nigerians (79 percent) are proud being Nigerians mainly because Nigeria is their country/fatherland. More so, findings revealed 38 percent of respondents do not consider that the country has achieved anything in the past 64 years since her Independence.  Nigerians want the government to tackle important issues such as economy (39 percent), security (18 percent), fuel price (11 percent), bad governance (7 percent) and corruption (7 percent) within the next one year.   Survey Methods The opinion poll was conducted in the week commencing 23rd of September 2024. It involved telephone interviews of a proportionate nationwide sample of 1,000 randomly selected phone-owning Nigerians aged 18 years and above, representing the six geo-political regions 36 states, and the FCT of the country. Interviews were conducted in five languages – Igbo, Hausa, Yoruba, Pidgin English, and English. Although we can say with 95% confidence that the results obtained were statistically precise – within a margin of error of plus or minus 4.65%; we recognize that the exclusive use of telephone polling has its limitation of excluding non-phone-owning Nigerians. Nonetheless, with the country’s tele density put over 100 percent by the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), we consider our telephone polling approach appropriate. Also, given the rigorous scientific process of randomization and stratification applied, we can confidently stand by the validity of our methodology and approach. NOIPolls Limited, No. 1 for country-specific polling services in West Africa. We conduct periodic opinion polls and studies on various socio-economic and political issues in Nigeria. More information is available at www.noi-polls.com .   Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as authors whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited, or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect the views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or facts, or any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken because of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions, or views herein constitute a judgment as of the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls' current findings and/or thinking.   Press Contact Email:       editor@noi-polls.com                   cakubue@noi-polls.com                   nohuche@noi-polls.com Number: +234 (0) 9 - 290 4162                  +234 (0) 9 – 291 4877 [1] https://www.google.com/search?q=nigeria%27s+independence+history&oq=nigeria%27s+independence+history&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIICAEQABgWGB4yCAgCEAAYFhgeMggIAxAAGBYYHjIICAQQABgWGB4yCAgFEAAYFhgeMggIBhAAGBYYHjIICAcQABgWGB4yCAgIEAAYFhgeMg0ICRAAGIYDGIAEGIoF0gEKMTgxNTRqMGoxNagCCLACAQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Nigeria) [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(Nigeria) [4] https://punchng.com/nigerian-64-when-shall-we-celebrate/ [5] https://punchng.com/nigerian-64-when-shall-we-celebrate/ [6] https://punchng.com/nigerian-64-when-shall-we-celebrate/ [7] https://punchng.com/nigerian-64-when-shall-we-celebrate/ [8] https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/09/30/nigeria-still-a-crawling-giant-at-64-cupp/ https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/09/30/nigeria-still-a-crawling-giant-at-64-cupp/[9] [10] https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/09/30/nigeria-still-a-crawling-giant-at-64-cupp/ https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/30/64th-anniversary-despite-bumpy-days-nation-will-prevail-says-akpabio/[11] [12] https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/09/30/64th-anniversary-despite-bumpy-days-nation-will-prevail-says-akpabio/

Executive Summary Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional, and global climates. [1]   It is the latest challenge to sustainable human development [2]  and a major risk to good development outcomes. Given this, NOIPolls polled on climate change to gauge Nigerians' awareness and attitude to the climate change phenomenon. The poll result revealed that a significant proportion of Nigerians know what climate change means as stated by 68 percent of the respondents who described the phenomenon as a change in weather patterns or conditions. This shows that there is an increased awareness on the topic as Statista, a global data and business intelligence platform had reported in January 2023, that as of 2020, more than six Nigerians out of 10 never heard about climate change [3] .   More so, nearly all the respondents (98 percent) believe that Climate Change is real with 94 percent affirming that Nigeria is currently experiencing it. This assertion cuts across gender, geographical locations, and age groups. When asked about the factors responsible for climate change, a larger proportion of Nigerians (22 percent) mentioned deforestation.  According to the United Nations, Nigeria has the highest rate of deforestation in the world, losing 3.7 percent of its forest every year [4] . Other causes identified are industrial activities (13 percent), bush burning (10 percent), and natural occurrence (10 percent) amongst other causes.   Subsequently, the study sought to know how annual temperature and precipitation patterns have been in the past five years in various regions. Almost two-thirds of respondents (63 percent) reported that the annual temperature in their area has gotten warmer with the North-East (84 percent) and North-West regions (81 percent) having the highest proportion of respondents who made this claim. Contrary, slightly above 1 in 4 respondents (27 percent) reported that the temperature in their area has gotten colder while 1 in 10 respondents (10 percent) revealed that it has remained the same. Similarly, results regarding annual precipitation (rainfall) patterns within the period in the review showed a decrease in a very steady pattern as reported by 38 percent of Nigerians surveyed. While 23 percent recounted an increase in a very steady pattern, 20 percent claimed annual rainfall has varied from year to year more than it has in the past. Also, 19 percent narrated that it varied from year to year as it always has in their local areas. Unfortunately, 32 percent reported that they have experienced a form of flooding which affected their properties in the last 5 years with the North-East (44 percent) and North-West regions (35 percent) having the highest number of respondents who made this claim. When asked if adverse changes in the environment would affect their livelihoods, the survey result showed that slightly more than 52 percent of the respondents answered in the affirmative. Of this proportion, 25 percent revealed that flooding destroys farms/lives and properties while 21 percent said it causes negative farm produce and productivity amongst other effects stated. Furthermore, the study revealed that 61 percent are involved in farming and of this proportion, 85 percent mentioned that they grow crops. Regrettably, more than 8 in 10 respondents (84 percent) who grow crops affirmed that climate change has had an impact on their crop yield. While 89 percent stated it has impacted agriculture, 70 percent stated that it has harmed their communities. Unfortunately, 49 percent disclosed that they or someone they know have had to relocate from their residence or farm because of climate change-related issues. The North-East region accounted for the highest proportion of respondents who have been displaced in this regard. This result corroborates the report of Abiola Durodola, an Urban Planner, Flood Risk Analyst and Team Lead of Advo KC Foundation that in 2021, Jigawa, Bauchi and Adamawa states in the North-West and North-East regions of Nigeria were inundated by flood which evicted over 380 households and left more than 20 people dead [5] . He added that the situation has further deteriorated with the wave of displacement and humanitarian crisis in the crisis-ridden North-East Nigeria as the International Organization for Migration (IOM) says there is an urgent need for humanitarian assistance as over 15,000 internally displaced persons now scramble for shelter after their camps were destroyed by flooding [6] . Additionally, the survey gauged the perception of Nigerians on global warming and the result shows that 51 percent of the respondents have no idea what global warming is. However, 31 percent of the respondents described the occurrence as a change in weather conditions amongst other perceptions. More than half of respondents (56 percent) linked the cause of global warming to industrial pollution and deforestation. This is followed by natural causes (26 percent) and burning of fossils (18 percent). Nonetheless, 75 percent revealed that they are concerned about global warming. Sadly, 46 percent of Nigerians disclosed that they do not have confidence in the government’s ability to address the challenges of climate change in their area. Finally, supporting a call to action to combat climate change and global warming, respondents were asked: what can be done to curb the effects of climate change and global warming. The survey findings showed that planting trees (19 percent), enactment of legislation to regulate pollution (13 percent), and stopping unregulated burning of bushes and fuels (9 percent) were the top-mentioned measures. The theme for Climate Change 2024 is "Our Land, Our Future ”. We are #GenerationRestoration," emphasizes the importance of restoring land, combating desertification, and enhancing resilience to drought [7] . Currently, up to 40% of the world's land is degraded, impacting around 3.2 billion people globally due to desertification [8] .   Background and Objectives Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns or changes in atmospheric temperature of the earth [9] . It is also a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns over a long time – including precipitation, temperature, and wind patterns [10] . Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. A region’s weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate [11] .   Climate change is a topic that has sparked discussions around the world with humans facing extinction if actions are not taken. [12]  Thus, it is a threat to human well-being and the health of the planet [13] . According to the World Health Organization, between 2030 and 2050, climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional deaths per year, from malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea, and heat stress [14] .   The potential for climate change to bring about damaging and irrecoverable effects on infrastructure, food production, and water supplies, in addition to precipitating natural resource conflicts makes it a critical challenge that must be responded to by any economy seeking sustainable growth in the years leading up to 2020.” - Nigeria Vision 20:2020 [15] . At an accelerated rate, climate change is impacting communities in every country, across every continent. From rising sea levels and extreme weather events to energy, food and water insecurity – the consequences are clear, and they are tragic [16] . As Africa’s largest economy, Nigeria’s wide range of livelihoods, agricultural practices, and commodities are threatened by climate change [17] . Rising sea levels increase vulnerability to flooding and waterborne disease. Additionally, drought and rising temperatures hinder agricultural production and fishing, reducing food security and negatively impacting health and nutrition [18] . The 2022 Afrobarometer Climate Change Country Scorecard for Nigeria show that 66 percent of Nigerians who are aware of climate change opine that climate change is making life worse with 23 percent insisting that floods have been more severe over the past decade. Another 25 percent also say droughts have been more severe over the past decade. [19] This shows the urgent need to respond to the challenges of climate change comprehensively and systematically given the vulnerability factors. Though a global challenge, climate change requires local solutions hence the Government of Nigeria acknowledges the importance of developing a national response to climate change and is taking steps to build a governance structure to manage the issue. [20]  To ensure an aggressive and widely supported strategy and action plan, a national response to the significant and multi-faceted impacts of climate change was put in place. Actions towards climate change will shape how people adapt to it and how nature responds, hence adaptation is critical to securing a livable future. Consequently, the National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action on Climate Change for Nigeria (NASPA-CCN) was developed. The NASPA-CCN seeks to minimize risks, improve local and national adaptive capacity and resilience, leverage new opportunities, and facilitate collaboration with the global community, all to reduce Nigeria’s vulnerability to the negative impacts of climate change. [21] The International Day of Climate Action, celebrated annually on October 24th, raises awareness about the urgent need to address issues of climate change. It is a worldwide movement where people come together to highlight the importance of environment conservation, advocate policies, and encourage sustainability [22] . There is no gain saying the fact that man depends on his environment for existence and sustenance such that man’s life is shaped by his environment, and this underscores the need for the protection of the environment from all forms of degradation, especially those brought about by the activities of man [23] .    Goal 13 of the SDG goals calls for urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. It is intrinsically linked to all 16 of the other Goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. To address climate change, countries adopted the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise to well below 2 degrees Celsius [24] . The UN continues to encourage all stakeholders to act toward reducing the impacts of climate change. [25]  Hence the UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC COP 29) which will be held in November 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan with the theme "Our Land, Our Future. We are #GenerationRestoration," emphasizes the importance of restoring land, combating desertification, and enhancing resilience to drought. [26] Against this background, NOIPolls gauged the opinions of Nigerians regarding climate change and hereby presents its findings.   Survey Methodology The survey was conducted through telephone interviews in the week of 15th July 2024. A proportionate random nationwide selected sample of 1,000 phone-owning Nigerians, 18 years and above, were interviewed across the six geopolitical zones in the country. This sample size provides a 95% confidence interval that the results obtained are within a range of plus or minus 4.65% of the opinions of the population. The interviews were conducted in English, Pidgin, Hausa, Igbo, or Yoruba. The use of several Nigerian languages reduces the likelihood of a non-response bias.                  Demographic Distribution A total of 1,041 respondents were randomly selected for this survey. The survey was administered over the telephone in five languages, using a well-structured questionnaire. The demographic distribution of the respondents was analyzed by the following groups: gender, age group, geo-political zones, and occupation as illustrated in Figure 1 below.   Gender:   The proportion of male and female respondents was almost equal with 51 percent and 49 percent respectively.   Age Group: The age group with the highest frequency in the survey was 18-35 (68 percent) and the lowest age group represented was 61+ (2 percent).   Geo-Political Zone All geo-political zones were adequately represented in the survey, the highest represented zone is the North-West zone (24 percent) and the lowest is the South-East zone (12 percent).   Occupation: The highest proportion of respondents surveyed were self-employed traders (29 percent); followed by farmer/fishing/Agric workers (18 percent) and government workers/ Civil servants (17 percent). The lowest-represented occupations in the survey were religious leader/missionary, Youth Corp members and others with 1 percent each. Survey Results Respondents to the poll were asked twenty specific questions. This section of the report presents findings from each question.   Perception of Nigerians about Climate Change The first question gauged the perception of Nigerians nationwide about their understanding of climate change and the result revealed that most Nigerians (68 percent) nationwide believe it is a change in weather patterns or conditions. Perception of Climate Change Existence Nearly all respondents  (98 percent) believe that climate change is real. This response cuts across gender, geographical locations, and age groups. However, just a handful of Nigerians (2 percent) stated otherwise. Perception of Whether Nigeria is Experiencing Climate Change More than 9 in 10 Nigerians (94 percent) reported that Nigeria is currently experiencing climate change. This response cuts across gender, geographical locations, and age groups with a minimum representation of 92 percent. Perception of Major Causes of Climate Change Interestingly, survey results showed that 24 percent of Nigerians stated that they do not know the causes of climate change. On the flip side, deforestation (22 percent), industrial activities (13 percent), bush burning (10 percent), and natural occurrence (10 percent) were the top four causes mentioned by respondents amongst others. Perception of Annual Temperature Pattern When asked if the annual temperature in their area has gone warmer, colder, or stayed about the same over five years, almost two–thirds of respondents (63 percent) surveyed reported that it is warmer with the North-East (84 percent) and North-West regions (81 percent) having more respondents who reported this.   Additionally, 27 percent of the respondents revealed that it is colder, while 10 percent disclosed that it has stayed the same. Annual Precipitation (Rainfall) Pattern The survey findings showed that 38 percent reported that the annual precipitation (rainfall) pattern in their local area over five years has decreased in a very steady pattern. On the other hand, 23 percent reported an increase in a steady pattern within the period in review. The South-South (41 percent)  and South-West regions (38 percent) accounted for the highest proportion of respondents who reported an increase in rainfall.   Similarly, 20 percent reported that it has varied from year to year more than it has in the past, and 19 percent reported that the annual rainfall varied from year to year as it always has in their local areas. Experience on Flooding Subsequently, the study further revealed that 32 percent of the respondents stated that they have experienced a form of flooding that affected their properties in the last five years and the North-East accounted for the higher number of respondents (44 percent) who mentioned this. Impact of Adverse Changes in the environment on livelihoods Interestingly, survey results showed that 52 percent of the respondents answered in the affirmative when asked if adverse changes in the environment would affect their livelihoods. This cuts across genders, geographical locations and age groups. Reasons Given on How Adverse Changes in the Environment Effects Livelihoods 52 percent of those who disclosed that adverse changes in the environment affected their livelihoods were further probed. The Survey result showed that 25 percent of this proportion revealed that flooding destroys their farms and properties. Other reasons mentioned are negative farm produce and productivity (21 percent), heavy rainfall and flooding restricting movement (13 percent), and it leads to illness/other health challenges (13 percent) etc. Proportion of Nigerians Involved in Farming The survey result showed that slightly above 61 percent of the respondents affirmed that they either grow crops or raise livestock or poultry in their present location/village. Perception of the age group showed that those aged between 36 – 60 years accounted for the largest proportion (65 percent) of Nigerians who are involved in farming. Proportion of Farmers Who Grow Crops Of the proportion (61 percent) who are involved in farming, the majority (85 percent) affirmed that they grow crops. These responses cut across all demographics however,15 percent stated otherwise. Impact of Climate Change on Crop Yields Unfortunately, 84 percent of the respondents stated that climate change has had an impact on their crop yield when asked if they think climate change has affected their crop yields. This assertion cuts across all regions, gender and age groups. Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture. Similarly, an overwhelming majority (89 percent) of the respondents affirmed that climate change has had an impact on agriculture generally. This is not far-fetched given that Nigeria is currently experiencing a food shortage.   Impact of Climate Change on Communities The survey result revealed that 70 percent of the respondents reported that changes in the climate have affected the community they live in negatively. This response cuts across geographical locations, genders, and age groups.   Relocated Due to Climate Change  Interestingly, 49 percent of the respondents disclosed that they or someone they know have had to relocate from their residence or farm because of climate change-related issues. The North-East zone (64 percent) accounted for the largest proportion of respondents. Perception of Global Warming Furthermore, the survey sought to know the perception of Nigerians about global warming. The result showed that 51 percent of the respondents do not know what global warming is. About 3 in 10 Nigerians (32 percent) stated that it means a change in weather conditions. Other perceptions about the concept are an increase in temperature/heat waves (10 Percent), Ozone layer depletion (2 percent), and human activities affecting the atmosphere (2 percent) amongst others.   Perception of Factors That Contribute to Global Warming             When respondents were asked: What factors do you think contribute to global warming? The findings showed that industrial pollution (28 percent), deforestation (28 percent) and natural causes were the top three reasons mentioned.   Concern About Global Warming Interestingly, more than 7 in 10 Nigerians (75 percent) revealed that they are concerned about global warming and the North-Central had the higher number of respondents who stated this. Confidence in Government’s Ability to Address Climate Change Challenges Subsequently, the survey measured the level of confidence of Nigerians in the government’s ability to address climate change-related challenges in their areas. The survey result showed that 41 percent of Nigerians are confident that the government can tackle the challenges whereas, 46 percent disclosed that they have no confidence in the government. However, 13 percent maintained a neutral stance. Suggestions on Curbing Climate Change and Global Warming With regards to the recommendation, planting of trees (19 percent), enactment of legislation to regulate pollution (13 percent) and stopping unregulated burning of bushes and fuels (9 percent) were the top three mentioned measures. However, 24 percent of the respondents do not have any suggestions on the topic. Conclusion In conclusion, the survey result has shown that most Nigerians are aware of the meaning of climate change as indicated by 68 percent of respondents surveyed. The vast majority (94 percent) also believe that the country is currently experiencing climate change, as 1 out of 2 respondents (52 percent) affirmed that adverse changes in their environment have impacted negatively on their livelihoods, communities (70 percent), crop yield (84 percent), and agriculture as a whole (89 percent).   However, a greater proportion of Nigerians (46 percent) have no confidence in the ability of the government to address challenges associated with climate change in their area. As a call to action, respondents have offered some suggestions to curb the effects of climate change and global warming amongst which include the planting of trees (19 percent), enactment of legislation to regulate pollution (13 percent), stop unregulated bush burning (9 percent) amongst others.   Therefore, the government and stakeholders must synergize and ensure that they leverage new technologies, strategies, and approaches that are being employed in advanced countries. These are necessary stages to ensure that the changing climate does not worsen the multidimensional pressure already on the food and environmental systems. Finally, if the government's strategies and plans towards human and economic development in Nigeria are to achieve needed results, they must include appropriate measures for climate change impacts.   [1]  What Is Climate Change? - NASA Science [2] https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211219.pdf [3] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1269701/knowledge-of-climate-change-topic-in-nigeria-by-area/#:~:text=Knowledge%20of%20climate%20change%20topic%20in%20Nigeria%202020%2C%20by%20area&text=As%20of%202020%2C%20more%20than,have%20heard%20about%20this%20topic . [4] https://www.usaid.gov/climate/country-profiles/nigeria   [5]   https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/nigerias-cities-are-at-severe-risk-from-climate-change-time-to-build-resilience-and-fast/ [6] https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/nigerias-cities-are-at-severe-risk-from-climate-change-time-to-build-resilience-and-fast/ [7] https://www.google.com/search?q=when+is+world+climate+day&oq=when+is+world+climate+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyBggBEEUYOTIICAIQABgWGB4yCAgDEAAYFhgeMggIBBAAGBYYHjIICAUQABgWGB4yCAgGEAAYFhgeMggIBxAAGBYYHjIICAgQABgWGB4yCAgJEAAYFhge0gEKMTQ2MDNqMGoxNagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [8] https://www.google.com/search?q=when+is+world+climate+day&oq=when+is+world+climate+&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBwgAEAAYgAQyBwgAEAAYgAQyBggBEEUYOTIICAIQABgWGB4yCAgDEAAYFhgeMggIBBAAGBYYHjIICAUQABgWGB4yCAgGEAAYFhgeMggIBxAAGBYYHjIICAgQABgWGB4yCAgJEAAYFhge0gEKMTQ2MDNqMGoxNagCALACAA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [9]   https://environmentgo.com/climate-change/ [10]   https://environmentgo.com/climate-change/ [11] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/all-about-climate/ [12]   https://environmentgo.com/climate-change/ [13]   Climate change: a threat to human wellbeing and health of the planet. Taking action now can secure our future — IPCC [14]   https://environmentgo.com/climate-change/ [15]   https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211219.pdf [16] https://www.unops.org/news-and-stories/stories/advancing-climate-action-building-resilience [17]   https://www.usaid.gov/climate/country-profiles/nigeria [18]   https://www.usaid.gov/climate/country-profiles/nigeria [19]  NigeriaCC_.png (3001×2064) ( afrobarometer.org ) [20]   https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211219.pdf [21]   https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211219.pdf [22] https://www.google.com/search?q=what+day+does+the+UN+commemorate+climate+change+day&oq=what+day+does+the+UN+commemorate+climate+change+day&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIKCAEQABiABBiiBDIKCAIQABiABBiiBDIKCAMQABiABBiiBNIBCjI2NTIwajBqMTWoAgiwAgE&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 [23]   https://fmino.gov.ng/climate-change-nigeria-brief-review-causes-effects-solution/ [24]   https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/climate- action/#:~:text=Goal%2013%20calls%20for%20urgent,well%20below%202%20degrees%20Celsius. [25]   https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/climate- action/#:~:text=Goal%2013%20calls%20for%20urgent,well%20below%202%20degrees%20Celsius [26] https://sdg.iisd.org/events/2024-un-climate-change-conference-unfccc-cop-29/

Abuja, Nigeria. July 29th, 2024 – Nigeria’s electricity problem is a perennial and teething problem that has gone on unabated for years without a requisite solution in sight. As a result, Nigerians have continued to grope in darkness due to the challenges bedeviling the power sector in the country. According to World Bank statistics, 85 million Nigerians do not have access to grid electricity. This is a staggering figure, considering the country’s estimated population of 200 million, and it makes Nigeria a country with the largest energy access deficit in the world. The lack of reliable power is a substantial constraint for citizens and businesses, resulting in annual economic losses estimated at $26.2 billion (₦10.1 trillion) which is equivalent to about 2 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). According to the World Bank Doing Business 2020 report, Nigeria ranks 171 out of 190 countries in getting electricity, and its access is seen as one of the major constraints for the private sector. Against this backdrop, NOIPolls presents findings from its one-year power poll series. The poll conducted over one year (June 2023 to May 2024), assessed the opinions and perceptions of Nigerians regarding electricity supply to their households. Some 11,000 plus respondents were interviewed across the 36 states and the FCT in the survey within one year. The results over the last one year (June 2023 to May 2024) is a monthly trend analysis of power supply which showed a greater improvement in power supply in November 2023 while the lowest supply occurred in February 2024 as expressed by 51 percent and 13 percent of Nigerians interviewed, respectively. Further findings revealed that the highest average cumulative hours of power supply were recorded in November 2023 which stood at 8.9 hours per day, whereas the months of February and April experienced the lowest in terms of average cumulative hours of power supply (4.7 hours per day each) in 2024. This cumulative hourly average recorded in November 2023 is inadequate compared to an ideal 24 hours of power supply which is required for the overall progress and development of the country and its citizenry. Therefore, to drastically improve the status quo in the electricity sector, experts in this sector need to identify more efficient means of electricity generation. For instance, the use of embedded generation will help eliminate the long distance the power travels to get to the end user and will ultimately improve the supply of electricity. It is, therefore, advised that the Government and stakeholders in the power sector synergise to provide adequate power supply. This is important because the decline in power supply will continue to hamper economic activities, especially of businesses whose operations depend majorly on the power supply. Conclusion In conclusion, the poll result revealed that Nigerians experienced better power supply in November 2023 with an average cumulative hours of power supply per day of 8.9 hours between June 2023 and May 2024. This average cumulative hours of power supply to Nigerian households is grossly inadequate for the country and therefore requires urgent attention for improvement. There are challenges experienced in the sector, which include vandalism, theft of equipment, pipe breakage in the case of gas supply, general infrastructure deficit and many others, however it is expected that the stakeholders will surmount these challenges and put the country on track for uninterrupted power supply to foster greater economic development in Nigeria. The government and stakeholders can leverage other forms of power generation like solar, wind, geo-thermal etc, which is the most viable option to ameliorate the power problem in the country. Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as authors whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited, or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect the views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or facts, or any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken because of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions, or views herein constitute a judgment as of the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls' current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact Email: editor@noi-polls.com cakubue@noi-polls.com nohuche@noi-polls.com Number: +234 (0)8135474512 +234 (0)8137496113

The people's perspective on democracy Afrobarometer country democracy scorecards present graphic illustrations of our latest survey findings and over-time trends on key indicators of democratic demand and supply, from support for democratic norms and practices to satisfaction, freedoms, and perceptions of official corruption. Nigeria's scorecard at a glance. Download the scorecard here to explore more'