Abuja, Nigeria. October 9, 2018. The United Nation’s International Day of the Girl Child is commemorated annually on the 11th of October. The main aim of the day is to promote girls’ empowerment and fulfilment of their human rights while also highlighting and addressing the needs and the challenges that girls all over the world face. The theme for the 2018 commemoration is ‘‘With Her: A Skilled GirlForce’’. Under this theme, the Day will mark the beginning of a year-long effort to bring together partners and stakeholders to advocate for, and draw attention and investments to the most pressing needs and opportunities for girls to attain skills for employability. This can be achieved through expanding existing learning opportunities, charting new pathways and calling on the global community to rethink how to prepare girls for a successful transition into the world of work.[1] In commemorating the International Day of the Girl Child, NOIPolls presents a throwback from its previous public opinion poll conducted in 2017, which highlighted the perception of Nigerians on the importance of Girl Child Education and the factors militating against it in Nigeria. The poll revealed that almost all the respondents (99 percent) acknowledged that Girl Child Education is important to their community as shown in the chart below. This is impressive considering the fact that the girl child needs to be educated in order to acquire the requisite knowledge and skills needed to advance her status for social interactions and self-improvement. The poll also sought the opinion of Nigerians on the factors militating against girl child education in Nigeria and a greater fraction of the respondents (28 percent) cited poverty as a major factor militating against girl child education. This is not surprising as poverty has been one of the most disturbing economic issues ravaging the entire sub-Saharan Africa. With about 67 percent of Nigerians living in poverty,[2] parents will be faced with challenges of making a choice of sacrificing the education of some of their children which is usually the girl child. Another social problem mentioned by 20 percent is the one posed by culture and tradition. Some traditions stipulate that a woman’s place is in her husband’s kitchen and her primary role is centered around her home. These beliefs have kept many girls away from education as such families’ see investment in girl child education as a waste. Even after some girls narrowly get the education, they face social and cultural barriers to obtaining leadership and management functions because they are women. In conclusion, it is evident from the poll that girl child education is of great importance to communities in Nigeria. Girl child education enables the girl utilize her full potentials, broadens her mind, prepares her for the challenges of life and teaches her how to conquer them; she is given the confidence to discover who and what she wants to be. While the importance of education to girl child empowerment in the Nigerian society cannot be over emphasized, there is a need for closer attention to be paid on the factors militating against girl child education. Achieving this would in turn require an emphasis on good governance and inclusiveness, as well as a general promotion of policies on gender equality, rural development, poverty alleviation, societal re-orientation, and job creation. Finally, girl child empowerment, as highlighted in the theme for this year’s observance, should therefore start from a heightened awareness on the importance of girl child education and empowerment. It is also important that international organizations, NGOs and other stakeholders support and invest in girls by transforming the risks and deprivations they face into pathways towards a better life. This will ensure a future assured with better health, less infant diseases and deaths as well as achieving other Sustainable Development Goals. Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the general public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as author whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect its views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or fact orfor any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken as a result of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions or views herein constitute a judgment as at the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls’ current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact The Editor Email: editor@noi-polls.com [1] http://www.un.org/en/events/girlchild/ [2] https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/67-nigerians-live-poverty-line-presidential-aide/

Abuja, Nigeria. October 2nd, 2018. An excerpt from NOIPolls’ National Survey conducted in 2017 revealed that Nigerians take pride in being citizens of Nigeria as 88 percent of the respondents surveyed declared that they were proud to be Nigerians. This is gratifying, especially in the face of ongoing agitation for secession and other critical challenges to the corporate existence of the country. Interestingly, further findings indicated that democracy and telecommunications were considered the greatest achievement Nigeria has made in its 57 years of existence. Given that nationalism is an essential component of statehood, it generally represents the deep feelings of attachment and belonging in citizens that inspire supportive attitudes and behaviours towards nationalistic symbols. One way of expressing this is the pride of being a citizen of a country. Thus, these findings call for strengthening of democracy through inclusive governance; which allows participation of Nigerians to foster unity and development in Nigeria. Nigeria’s Independence Day is celebrated annually on October 1st since 1960 and the 58th Independence Day was celebrated on October 1st 2018. Nigeria’s independence echoes the pride of citizenship which embodies the rights and duties of Nigerians or the essential for cultivating civic virtues and democratic values.[1] The nationalists who fought colonialism, nurtured expectations of political independence that would offer a sustainable path to redemption. But as it has turned out, the initial hope of independence has been squandered through bad governance. While Nigerians take in being citizens, the denial of full basic privileges of citizenship to individuals or groups for whatever reasons is usually accompanied by a drastic fall in citizens’ level of nationalism, participation, and trust in political institutions. When asked whether they were proud to be Nigerians or not, it is gratifying to note that an overwhelming majority answered in the affirmative. Overall, 88 percent of the respondents said they were proud to be Nigerians, while 12 percent felt otherwise as shown in the chart below.  There were no gender and age group differentiation in this respect as the least score across social categories was 87 percent. The geo-political distributions of the responses make it all the more interesting. Across the six geopolitical zones, the least expression of pride in being a Nigerian was expressed in the South-South, where 74 percent of respondents still expressed pride in being Nigerian. This was followed by the South-East at 81 percent, North-Central and South-West at 89 percent respectively, and North-East and North-West at 96 percent apiece. One would have expected a totally different pattern of responses from the South-East and South-South given recent increase in the pace and tone of agitations and counter agitations in these regions. The survey also gauged the perception of Nigerians regarding the greatest achievement of Nigeria since independence. In the assessment of respondents, the greatest achievements of Nigeria in its 58 years of political independence since 1960 included; democracy (19 percent), telecommunications (19 percent), agricultural development (10 percent), peace and unity (9 percent), and independence (7 percent) amongst others. It is reflective to note that 2 percent of respondents actually felt Nigeria has achieved nothing in 57 years of its independence, while another 5 percent claimed not to know Nigeria’s achievement during the same period. In conclusion, the survey is reflective of the level of optimism amongst Nigerians despite years of bad governance which has affected sustainable development. Therefore, to sustain this embedded pride, there is need for synergy in creating and nurturing a culture of inclusive governance and protection of human rights. This will significantly raise eagerness and participation towards governance, while enhancing the common pursuit for national development. For Nigeria to be really independent, she also needs to experience economic prosperity and commonwealth where the human capital indices are not on the negative. An average Nigerian should be able to pride in the Nigerian state due to continuous growth and prosperity. The country which the founding fathers fought for is a nation void of corruption, nepotism, ethno-religious and cultural divide, sentiments, crimes, militancy and insurgency. Therefore, any independent movement should be mainly concerned with the pressure of good governance, one that can deliver the dividends of democracy to its citizens. It is only within such a democratic order, predicated upon popular legitimacy, transparency, accountability and effective service delivery that the notions of citizenship and independence assume any useful meaning. Though Nigeria is faced with various socio-economic and political challenges, it is important to emphasize the need for nationalism and true federalism especially as the election year is fast approaching and the vast majority of the adult population are expected to exercise their civic responsibilities, patriotism and national unity during the general election. Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the general public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as author whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect its views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or fact or for any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken as a result of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions or views herein constitute a judgment as at the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls’ current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact The Editor Email: editor@noi-polls.com [1]Engin F. Isin, and Bryan S. Turner, ‘Investigating Citizenship: An Agenda for Citizenship Studies’, Citizenship Studies, 11: 1, 2007, p. 5

Abuja, Nigeria. September 25th, 2018. The International Day of Peace is observed around the world annually on the 21st of September. According to the United Nations, the Day provides a globally shared date for all humanity to commit to Peace above all differences and to contribute to building a Culture of Peace. The UN Member States adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in 2015; and its Goal 16 is targeted at promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels[1]. The theme for the 2018 international Day of Peace was “The Right to Peace – The Universal Declaration of Human Rights at 70’’ signifying the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Since her independence, Nigeria has been ravaged by a civil war, an insurgency and various ethno-religious crisis with the Fulani herdsmen and farmers clashes been the most recent. Peace is of paramount importance in any country especially one like Nigeria which is characterized by different ethnicities and cultural diversity. In recent years the country has been plagued by various crisis like the continued Boko Haram insurgency, farmers and herdsmen conflict, kidnapping and ritual killings which puts citizens’ right to peace in jeopardy. An excerpt from NOIPolls national survey conducted in 2017 highlighted that after over 100 years of existence and over 57 years of independence, a larger proportion of respondents (60 percent) are of the opinion that Nigeria has fared well as one nation despite periods of conflicts, while 40 percent thought otherwise. This perspective was equally shared in the same proportion by both male and female respondents. However, some little variations exist in terms of age distribution, where 62 percent, 56 percent and 61 percent of people aged 18-35, 36-60 and 61 and above felt the country has fared well as one nation during the period of its independence. In terms of geo-political distribution of responses as to whether Nigeria has fared well as one nation in its 57 years of independence, there are noticeable differences between the Northern and Southern regions. There were also some differences between urban and rural dwellers with 57 percent of the former and 64 percent of the latter agreeing that Nigeria has done well as a nation in 57 years of its independence. In conclusion, the survey revealed that most Nigerians, at the time the survey was conducted, believed that the country has fared well as one nation since independence. Therefore, it is crucial for government and all concerned stakeholders to promote peace and unity amongst Nigerians through various campaigns and programs. This year’s international day of peace (right to peace) is a wakeup call to further foster unity, peace and progress in Nigeria. Nigerians need to imbibe the culture of togetherness, cultivate the attitude of national interest, value the importance of national unity, and treasure our reputation for integrity, sovereignty, cultural diversity, natural endowment, and human resources while respecting each other’s right to peace. The right to peace is fundamental to the existence of all humans and no one should be deprived of such right and liberty. The cost of peace is always cheaper than that of war, conflict and crime. United Nations has encouraged member nations in this year’s celebration to be more proactive in order to ensure sustainable development and Nigeria is a key player in United Nation’s peace keeping efforts. Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the general public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as author whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect its views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or fact or for any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken as a result of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions or views herein constitute a judgment as at the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls’ current findings and/or thinking. Press ContactThe Editor Email: editor@noi-polls.com [1] http://www.un.org/en/events/peaceday/

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This post test nested and paginated comments. Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Vestibulum eu odio. Vestibulum dapibus nunc ac augue.. Curabitur suscipit suscipit tellus. Proin pretium, leo ac pellentesque mollis, felis nunc ultrices eros, sed gravida augue augue mollis justo. Fusce fermentum odio nec arcu. Aliquam erat volutpat. Ut leo. Vivamus euismod mauris. Praesent metus tellus, elementum eu, semper a, adipiscing nec, purus. Ut tincidunt tincidunt erat. Etiam feugiat lorem non metus. Pellentesque egestas, neque sit amet convallis pulvinar, justo nulla eleifend augue, ac auctor orci leo non est. Vestibulum suscipit nulla quis orci. #comments #content #formatting #pagination

Abuja, Nigeria. September 18th, 2018 – A new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls has revealed that almost 7 in 10 Nigerians (68 percent) who registered since the commencement of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) Continuous Voter Registration (CVR) exercise in April, 2017 are yet to collect their permanent voter’s card (PVC). Most people who are yet to collect their PVCs reported that they have checked but were told by INEC officials that their PVCs were not yet ready for collection. However, INEC’s Director of Publicity and Voter Education, Oluwole Osaze-Uzzi, disclosed in Abuja on May 11th 2018, that PVCs for citizens who registered between April and December 2017 have been ready for collection since May 21st, 2018.[1] Given the low collection of PVCs, 34 percent of the electorates suggested that INEC should send text messages to citizens whose PVCs are ready, recruit more ad-hoc staff (25 percent) and create more collection centers across the country (15 percent) amongst other recommendations to boost collection of PVCs. Furthermore, this also underlines the importance for INEC and other stakeholders to make concerted effort in increasing awareness on the need for electorates to collect their PVCs ahead of the 2019 elections which is just around the corner. These were some of the key highlights from the Permanent Voter’s Card Collection Poll recently conducted in the week commencing August 27th, 2018. Background The Continuous Voter Registration (CVR) which was introduced in April 2017 was an exercise meant for the registration of citizens who turned 18 years of age after the last registration exercise; or those who for one reason or another could not register in the previous exercises. The 2010 Electoral Act (as amended) mandates the Commission to carry out CVR exercises nationwide. INEC on August 28, 2018 disclosed that they have registered 13.6 million people, 854,362 people have collected their PVCs while 696,643 people have requested for transfer of their polling centers and an additional 1 million people have requested for replacement. The gender analysis of new registrants indicates that females accounted for the larger proportion of 7.3 million while males accounted for 6.2 million[3]. Despite the claim that more than 85 million Nigerians have been registered with 13 million registered under the just concluded CVR exercise, there are more than 50 million unregistered eligible voters in Nigeria[4]. In less than 6 months, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) will conduct a nationwide election that would see Nigerians, take to the polls to decide their leaders. The sensitization on how to register for and get a Permanent Voter Card (PVC) has been loud from INEC, Non-Governmental Organizations and even aspirants. However, there have been numerous complaints from Nigerians about the human-induced difficulties that have made the PVC registration and collection almost impossible for many. Against this background, NOIPOlls conducted this public opinion poll to ascertain the level of PVC collection nationwide. Poll Findings The poll gauged the percentage of Nigerians who had registered since the commencement of the CVR in April 2017 and the result indicated that almost 4 in 10 Nigerians (38 percent) have registered since the commencement of the 2017 CVR exercise while 44 percent stated that they already have a PVC, 10 percent reported that they have not registered at all while only 2 percent applied for the transfer of their PVCs. Analysis by geo-political zone showed that while the southern region accounted for the greater proportion of electorates who registered since the commencement of the CVR in April 2017, the northern region had the larger share of electorates who already have their PVCs. This increased registration in the southern region may be an effect of voter education and the growing interest amongst Nigerians regarding responsive and inclusive governance, patriotism and desire to elect responsible leaders. As at May 2018, INEC disclosed that 4 million PVCs were ready for collection for citizens who registered between April and December 2017[6] and poll result showed that only 32 percent had collected their PVCs while 68 percent have not. Analysis by age-group revealed that electorates aged 18 – 25 years have the largest proportion of Nigerians who have collected their PVCs. This is reflective of the growing desire for youth participation in politics and governance in Nigerians. A cross analysis of electorates who registered since the commencement of CVR exercise and those who have collected their PVCs indicate that a higher percentage of Nigerians are yet to collect their PVCs. Subsequently, 68 percent of respondents who have not collected their PVCs were further asked why they have not collected it and a larger proportion of the respondents mentioned that they checked but were told that it wasn’t ready yet. 23 percent stated that they the collection centers were over crowded, 14 percent disclosed that they just registered while 13 percent mentioned that they do not have spare time for collecting their PVCs amongst other reasons. The poll further assessed the perception of the respondents regarding their knowledge of anyone who registered within the same period and have collected their PVC. FindingS revealed that 55 percent of the respondents know a registrant who registered within the same period and has collected their PVCs. Furthermore, having established from the poll results that a larger proportion of Nigerians are yet to collect their PVCs, the poll also revealed that 34 percent of Nigerians recommended that INEC should send text messages to electorates whose PVCs are ready. An additional 23 percent cited the recruitment of more ad-hoc staff INEC, 15 percent stated that INEC should provide more centers for PVC collection while, 13 percent advocated that INEC should create more awareness on PVC collection centers amongst other recommendations. In conclusion, the poll has shown that a larger proportion of electorates who participated in the CVR which commenced in April, 2017 are yet to collect their PVCs. In order not to disenfranchise those who have registered, INEC and other concerned stakeholders are encouraged to create more awareness on PVC collection as well as send text messages to citizens whose PVCs are ready for collection as recommended by some the electorates. Citizens on their part should ensure that they participate in electoral processes by collecting their PVCs to enable them exercise their civic duties. The poll also revealed that a significant proportion (10 percent) of potential voters did not register hence, will not participate in the 2019 general elections. This calls for more proactive measures on INEC’s part and other stakeholders towards ensuring that every Nigerian aged 18 year and above prior to any election year be registered. Finally, INEC should ensure that the collection processes and timing are more effective and convenient for all citizens. Survey Methods The Poll was conducted in the week commencing August 27th, 2018. It involved telephone interviews of a random nationwide sample. 1,000 randomly selected phone-owning Nigerians aged 18 years and above, representing the six geopolitical zones in the country, were interviewed. With a sample of this size, we can say with 95% confidence that the results obtained are statistically precise – within a range of plus or minus 4.65%. NOIPolls Limited, No1 for country specific polling services in West Africa. We conduct periodic opinion polls and studies on various socio-economic and political issues in Nigeria. More information is available at www.noi-polls.com Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the general public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as author whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect its views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or fact or for any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken as a result of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions or views herein constitute a judgment as at the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls’ current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact The Editor Email: editor@noi-polls.com [1] https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/268098-registered-voters-to-get-pvcs-may-21-inec.html [2] http://www.inecnigeria.org/?page_id=5198 [3] https://inecnews.com/ [4] https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/278118-inec-registers-over-10-million-new-voters-official.html [5] https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/278118-inec-registers-over-10-million-new-voters-official.html [6] https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/268098-registered-voters-to-get-pvcs-may-21-inec.html

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Header one Header two Header three Header four Header five Header six Default Text Align – Left Align This is a paragraph. It is left aligned. Because of this, it is a bit more liberal in it’s views. It’s favorite color is green. Left align tends to be more eco-friendly, but it provides no concrete evidence that it really is. Even though it likes share the wealth evenly, it leaves the equal distribution up to justified alignment. Center Align This is a paragraph. It is center aligned. Center is, but nature, a fence sitter. A flip flopper. It has a difficult time making up its mind. It wants to pick a side. Really, it does. It has the best intentions, but it tends to complicate matters more than help. The best you can do is try to win it over and hope for the best. I hear center align does take bribes. Right Align This is a paragraph. It is right aligned. It is a bit more conservative in it’s views. It’s prefers to not be told what to do or how to do it. Right align totally owns a slew of guns and loves to head to the range for some practice. Which is cool and all. I mean, it’s a pretty good shot from at least four or five football fields away. Dead on. So boss. Justify Align This is a paragraph. It is justify aligned. It gets really mad when people associate it with Justin Timberlake. Typically, justified is pretty straight laced. It likes everything to be in it’s place and not all cattywampus like the rest of the aligns. I am not saying that makes it better than the rest of the aligns, but it does tend to put off more of an elitist attitude. Blockquotes Single line blockquote: Stay hungry. Stay foolish. Multi line blockquote with a cite reference: People think focus means saying yes to the thing you’ve got to focus on. But that’s not what it means at all. It means saying no to the hundred other good ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully. I’m actually as proud of the things we haven’t done as the things I have done. Innovation is saying no to 1,000 things. Steve Jobs – Apple Worldwide Developers’ Conference, 1997 TablesEmployeeSalaryJohn Doe$1Because that’s all Steve Jobs needed for a salary.Jane Doe$100KFor all the blogging she does.Fred Bloggs$100MPictures are worth a thousand words, right? So Jane x 1,000.Jane Bloggs$100BWith hair like that?! Enough said… Definition ListsDefinition List TitleDefinition list division.StartupA startup company or startup is a company or temporary organization designed to search for a repeatable and scalable business model.#doworkCoined by Rob Dyrdek and his personal body guard Christopher “Big Black” Boykins, “Do Work” works as a self motivator, to motivating your friends.Do It LiveI’ll let Bill O’Reilly will explain this one. Nested Unordered Lists List item one List item one List item one List item two List item three List item four List item two List item three List item four List item two List item three List item four Nested Ordered Lists List item one List item one List item one List item two List item three List item four List item two List item three List item four List item two List item three List item four Ordered – Unordered – Ordered ordered item ordered item unordered unordered ordered item ordered item ordered item ordered item Ordered – Unordered – Unordered ordered item ordered item unordered unordered unordered item unordered item ordered item ordered item HTML Tags Address Tag1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014 United States Anchor Tag (aka. Link) This is an example of a link. Abbreviation Tag The abbreviation srsly stands for “seriously”. Big Tag (deprecated in HTML5) These tests are a big deal, but this tag is no longer supported in HTML5. Cite Tag “Code is poetry.” —Automattic Code Tag You will learn later on in these tests that word-wrap: break-word; will be your best friend. Delete Tag This tag will let you strikeout text, but this tag is no longer supported in HTML5 (use the instead). Insert Tag This tag should denote inserted text. Keyboard Tag This scarcely known tag emulates keyboard text, which is usually styled like the tag. Preformatted Tag This tag styles large blocks of code. .post-title { margin: 0 0 5px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 38px; line-height: 1.2; and here's a line of some really, really, really, really long text, just to see how the PRE tag handles it and to find out how it overflows; } Quote Tag Developers, developers, developers… –Steve Ballmer Strike Tag (deprecated in HTML5) This tag shows strike-through text Strong Tag This tag shows bold text. Subscript Tag Getting our science styling on with H2O, which should push the “2” down. Superscript Tag Still sticking with science and Isaac Newton’s E = MC2, which should lift the 2 up. Teletype Tag (deprecated in HTML5) This rarely used tag emulates teletype text, which is usually styled like the tag. #css #markup #content #html #formatting

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Abuja, Nigeria. September 11th, 2018 – A new public opinion poll conducted by NOIPolls revealed that new media (social media, blogs, etc.) is a major breeding ground for fake news in the country as indicated by 67 percent of Nigerians. The natural instinct for some Nigerians to scrutinize the authenticity of a news report before sharing has been greatly reduced as some social media users want to be among the first to share a news story, be it on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter or WhatsApp etc. This trend of sharing news report without validating its source is capable of triggering mob action, agitation, violence and in extreme cases, national security implications. This finding collaborates reports from a two-day conference organised by the Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD) in Abuja, revealing that the emergence of the new media, particularly social media, has given rise to unrestricted influx of fake news in Nigeria.[1] More findings revealed that radio (39 percent) has remained the primary source of information for most Nigerians despite the emergence of social media. Also, perception on trust across media platforms regarding authentic information dissemination showed that Nigerians are more likely to trust information from traditional media; Television (59 percent), Radio (53 percent) and Newspaper (48 percent)) than other sources such as Facebook, Word of mouth, Instagram, etc. The poll results also revealed that the issue of fake news is very prevalent in the country as indicated by 93 percent of the respondents interviewed. The effects of fake news cannot be over emphasized as it is capable of upsetting the country’s social balance. In line with this, a larger share (35 percent) of Nigerians lamented that fake news is capable of promoting and encouraging hatred and violence whereas, 25 percent believe it can cause panic and tension amongst other negative effects. In an attempt to create awareness on these effects of fake news in the nation, the Federal Government launched a national campaign against fake news, an initiative which 56 percent of the respondents claim to be unaware of, implying that more effort must be made in spreading the campaign especially at grassroots level as mentioned by 30 percent of the respondents that there should be sensitization on the dangers of rumour mongering and the spread of fake news in the country. These findings corroborate some of the recommendations made during the 2-day conference on fake news propagation in Nigeria organized by CDD. For instance, efforts must be taken to improve digital and media literacy especially among the growing population of young internet users, encouraging them to do a fact-check and corroborate information before they hit the share button.Additionally, it is pertinent to effectively confront the challenge of fake news as 25 percent of the respondents suggested promoting professionalism amongst journalists in both traditional media and social media in Nigeria. These are the key highlights from the Fake News poll conducted in the week commencing August, 6th 2018. BRIEF BACKGROUND One of the major threats to peace and security in Nigeria today is fake news, defined as “completely false information, photos and videos purposefully created and spread to confuse or misinform” others. Undoubtedly, false news is now the electrified third rail in global politics, Nigerian politics included as its vast reach, scope, and expansiveness retains huge capacity for destructive consequences. Worryingly, there is no generally agreed remedy and fake news is bad news and bad news means trouble. While rhetoric has always been the bedrock of political complication, false news stretches rhetoric beyond the acceptable. Moreover, false news is primarily fuelled by politics and tends to peak during electoral periods. Recently, the federal government launched a campaign against fake news in Nigeria as the issue of fake news has become a threat in the country. Recently, Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD) organized a conference where stakeholders discussed ways of solving the spread of fake news especially as it relates to elections. The former Independent National Election Commission (INEC) Chairman Professor Jega, called for the enactment of laws, as well as adherence to subsisting legislations to achieve this goal, noting that the ugly trend couldn’t be tackled through mere civic education of critical stakeholders. Also, the current INEC Chairman, Professor Mahmood Yakubu, stated that the commission was battling with the issue of fake news and promised to liaise with stakeholders to strengthen existing legislation in the electoral process to tackle problems associated with fake news.  In line with this, NOIPolls conducted a survey to gauge the perception of Nigerians regarding the prevalence, effects and possible suggestions to curb fake news in Nigeria. SURVEY FINDINGS The initial question sought to assess the awareness of Nigerians regarding the campaign against fake news in Nigeria and analysis revealed that 44 percent of the respondents interviewed are aware of the campaign. On the other hand, 56 percent, which formed the majority, claimed that they are not aware of the campaign. Further findings revealed that the main source of daily news for Nigerians is radio (39 percent). Implying that a larger fraction of Nigerians depends on the news desks of various radio stations within their localities for information on happenings in the country. Other sources of daily news for Nigerians includes; Television (26 percent), Social media (17 percent), Internet (11 percent), Word of mouth (5 percent) and Newspapers (2 percent). In recent times, access to information may not be much of an issue however, it becomes worrisome if information is not reliable. Thus, discerning truth from untruth has become a herculean task. Citizens, development practitioners and other stakeholders around the world have raised concerns about the prevalence of misinformation in contemporary politics mainly because of its characters and manifestations. With this in mind, the poll result showed that a larger proportion of Nigerians (93 percent) acknowledged that there is a high prevalence of cases of fake news in the country. Rapidly evolving technology and the changing media landscape have reshaped communication mechanism to be instant, participatory, and global in scale. Modern communication platforms have afforded a large majority of people to communicate effortlessly with a wider audience. Developing events around the world can now be tracked on the go. However, recent developments around the world have proved that media platforms have assumed a destructive dimension as information is power, misinformation could directly or indirectly influence civil unrest, mob action and in some cases violence. In line with this, the poll also revealed that social media is the platform that propagates fake news the most as stated by a larger proportion of respondents interviewed. Although radio is the main source of news for Nigerians, social media coming top in this category suggests the increasing dependence on it as a source of information in Nigeria. Subsequently, the respondents were asked to rate their level of trust on some media platforms and the poll results revealed that the traditional media Television (59 percent), Radio (53 percent) and Newspaper (48 percent)) are the most trusted media platforms. On the other hand, Facebook (74 percent), Word of mouth (73 percent) and Instagram (70 percent) got a very poor rating as Nigerians do not trust the information from such platforms. This indicative of the lack of trust Nigerians have on some media platforms particularly the new media thus, there is need for continuous education as the importance of social media cannot be neglected in a society that is getting too busy and distracted. The effects or impact of fake news in Nigeria cannot be overemphasized; from its ability to impact on governance, influence corporate reputation as well as heating-up the polity. Fake news, through its altering of pictures, videos and absolute fairytale has generated tensions in Nigeria and the effects are here with us all.[2] Given the influence of this threat to the society, perception of Nigerians were gauged and the poll result showed that 35 percent, which formed the majority, admitted that it can cause hatred and violence. Further giving credence to this finding that fake news spreads hate and violent outbursts, is a recent report by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) which reported that fake news circulating in the social media worsened the clashes between the farmers and the herdsmen in Nigeria[3]. In addition, 25 percent of Nigerians stated that fake news can cause panic and tension in the society; another 15 percent of Nigerians opined that fake news can be misleading and a further 10 percent stated that it can create disunity and tribalism in the society amongst other negative effects of fakes news mentioned. Consequently, having established that the impact of fake news can be devastating to a nation, the poll revealed that 30 percent of Nigerians recommended sensitizing the public on the dangers of rumour mongering and spreading fake news. Also, as a way of curtailing several extremist groups and unprofessional media outlets from spreading propaganda, 25 percent suggested promoting professionalism amongst journalists in both traditional media and social media, whereas 18 percent advocated encouraging collaboration between the media and public institutions responsible for ensuring national unity, peace and cohesion. Further analysis showed that 15 percent of Nigerians suggested that more Nigerians should be educated on the need to verify news sources amongst other recommendations. In conclusion, the poll result has established that there is a high prevalence of fake news propagation, exposed the major sources of fake news and also highlighted the major effects of fake news in Nigeria. Hence, it is imperative that the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC), the National Orientation Agency (NOA) and other stakeholders synergize in addressing this spreading of false of false information. As a solution to curb this menace, Nigerians are calling on the government to create an agency that will monitor the authenticity of news that comes through the traditional media and more importantly information from new media (e.g. blogs, social media, and other online news platforms). The reason for the emphasis on new media is because 67 percent of Nigerians mentioned that they get fake news mostly from this source against 12 percent who get from their news traditional media. Furthermore, as we approach the 2019 elections, social media particularly may likely be used as a modern propaganda spreading technology. Presently, there is no consequence whatsoever for the perpetrators of false news, with the added implication that some media platforms seem reluctant to fact-check before rushing to be the first to put out breaking news. Therefore, it is pertinent that the Federal Government work with various stakeholders including media practitioners and the national legislatures to find a citizen friendly solution to this menace. Leaving the matters unaddressed will spell doom for Nigeria especially as we approach the 2019 general elections. Survey Methods The Poll was conducted in the week commencing August 6th, 2018. It involved telephone interviews of a random nationwide sample. 1,000 randomly selected phone-owning Nigerians aged 18 years and above, representing the six geopolitical zones in the country, were interviewed. With a sample of this size, we can say with 95% confidence that the results obtained are statistically precise – within a range of plus or minus 3%. NOIPolls Limited, No1 for country specific polling services in West Africa. We conduct periodic opinion polls and studies on various socio-economic and political issues in Nigeria. More information is available at www.noi-polls.com. Disclaimer This press release has been produced by NOIPolls Limited to provide information on all issues which form the subject matter of the document. Kindly note that while we are willing to share results from our polls with the general public, we only request that NOIPolls be acknowledged as author whenever and wherever our poll results are used, cited or published. NOIPolls hereby certifies that all the views expressed in this document accurately reflect its views of respondents surveyed for the poll, and background information is based on information from various sources that it believes are reliable; however, no representation is made that it is accurate or complete. Whilst reasonable care has been taken in preparing this document, no responsibility or liability is accepted for errors or fact or for any views expressed herein by NOIPolls for actions taken as a result of information provided in this report. Any ratings, forecasts, estimates, opinions or views herein constitute a judgment as at the date of this document. If the date of this document is not current, the views and content may not reflect NOIPolls’ current findings and/or thinking. Press Contact The Editor Email: editor@noi-polls.com [1] https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/279238-fake-news-threat-to-existence-of-nigerian-media-fg.html [2] http://saharareporters.com/2018/07/17/it-kills-us-let%E2%80%99s-kill-fake-news-yekeen-akinwale [3] https://guardian.ng/news/fake-news-aggravating-herders-farmers-crises-in-nigeria-bbc/

Welcome to image alignment! The best way to demonstrate the ebb and flow of the various image positioning options is to nestle them snuggly among an ocean of words. Grab a paddle and let’s get started. The image above happens to be centered. As you can see the should be some space above, below, and to the right of the image. The text should not be creeping on the image. Creeping is just not right. Images need breathing room too. Let them speak like you words. Let them do their jobs without any hassle from the text. In about one more sentence here, we’ll see that the text moves from the right of the image down below the image in seamless transition. Again, letting the do it’s thang. Mission accomplished! And now for a massively large image. It also has no alignment. The image above, though 1200px wide, should not overflow the content area. It should remain contained with no visible disruption to the flow of content. In just a bit here, you should see the text start to wrap below the right aligned image and settle in nicely. There should still be plenty of room and everything should be sitting pretty. Yeah… Just like that. It never felt so good to be right. Images With Captions And just when you thought we were done, we’re going to do them all over again with captions! Look at 580×300 getting some caption love. The image above happens to be centered. The caption also has a link in it, just to see if it does anything funky. Itty-bitty caption. The rest of this paragraph is filler for the sake of seeing the text wrap around the 150×150 image, which is left aligned. As you can see the should be some space above, below, and to the right of the image. The text should not be creeping on the image. Creeping is just not right. Images need breathing room too. Let them speak like you words. Let them do their jobs without any hassle from the text. In about one more sentence here, we’ll see that the text moves from the right of the image down below the image in seamless transition. Again, letting the do it’s thang. Mission accomplished! And that’s a wrap, yo! You survived the tumultuous waters of alignment. Image alignment achievement unlocked! #css #image #captions #markup #alignment #content